How is language influenced and shaped by culture Essay

How is language influenced and shaped by culture - Essay Example Language is important to any culture, and every culture has a language to communicate with. The deaf and the blind to have their own language to communicate with. People have been known to articulate language from the people around us, and those words come from the culture. People get to know much from what they learn through talk since the culture influence the language (Dlaska, 2000). Children who are taken to the boarding school at a young age mostly do not know their cultures. It is because they interact with different children from cultures who come together with a common language for instance they use English in their communications. This is threatening the extinction of other cultures (Dlaska, 2000). Same language at times does not have the same culture, for instance, two countries can use a common language but have different cultures. Many people tend to confuse the sign language especially if they are from different countries for instance in India if someone nods he/she disagree while in other countries it means an

Silver Blaze Essay Example for Free

Silver Blaze Essay What are the roles of Holmes and Watson within Silver Blaze and what is there relationship with each other? In this assignment I am going to look at the relationship between to characters that are both very hard to judge this is due to their roles and use in the storys created by Conan Doyle. Holmes and Watson are two characters, created by Conan Doyle. They live a very interesting and adventurous life. They have a great interest in crimes, which have been committed and enjoy solving them and understanding the criminals intentions. Watson is a retired medical who worked for the army and has a lot of knowledge. After reading Silver Blaze I have noted that Holmes always seems to be the master mind in solving the crimes, and that Watson is telling the story as though he is dictating it in his diary. It seems to give the reader the impression that Holmes gives the orders to Watson, but not in a harsh way, he gives the reader the impression as though he is the leader. Also when they arrive at the town of Tavistock they are greeted with great care, there is a carriage waiting to escort them to their hotel. The relationship between Holmes and Watson in Silver Blaze is clear. The first thing we can learn straight away is that both Holmes and Watson are both livening together and both also are always travelling together, this shows us that there relationship is strong, and we also can note that they never argue therefore there friendship is very strong. Also we know that not only do both Holmes and Watson live together but also work together. This makes it hard but yet also very easy to evaluate their relationship. This is because I could evaluate the relationship between Holmes and Watson if I was to read all the Conan Doyle books, which he wrote. I could judge the relationship easier, but the problem which I do face is that Holmes and Watson spend so much time together, there relationship is very strong and is lot more than I can talk about it through Silver Blaze. This is because from what I have read I see there relationship as two working partners, when I say partners I mean business partners. Also to show that the relationship of Watson and Holmes is very strong, in line 505 it shows Watson defending Holmes whos intentions are to drop this case; I was about to make some reply in defence of my friend, when he entered the room again. Watson gives the picture as though he is Holmes sidekick. This is the image given by the writer to the reader, but if you continue reading the story and understand the characters you can learn that both men would not be as successful as they are, if they werent together. This is because the two men both have great knowledge and expertise in different sectors and fields and always needs the others opinion. A good example of this is when they discover the knife that was used in the incident in Silver Blaze; Holmes turns to Watson for his medical expertise. This shows us that both men require each others knowledge. For example, Line 122, Watson ask, One moment! asked Watson. Did the stable boy, when he ran out with the dog, leave the door unlocked behind him? This allows us to see that Holmes requires Watsons help. We can tell this because of Holmes response is; Excellent, Watson! murmured my companion. The importance of the point struck me so forcibly that I sent a special wire to Dartmoor yesterday to clear the matter. This response tells us that Holmes requires Watsons knowledge. It also in a way steals Watsons clever work, ideas and his theory about the crime. This also tells us that Watson is not just a friend who helps Holmes by being with him, but Watson is an important part to Holmes cases, because of his knowledge. The writer Doyle gives us the impression that Watson is telling the story that makes the reader think that Watson does not play a major part in the case. A good example of this is: Excellent, Watson! murmured my companion. Murmured my companion, those three words tell us that Watson is telling the story. Also it also states Holmes and Watsons relationship, which is that the two are very close companions. Also I have noticed at the end of the short story Watson evaluates the story and the case after Holmes has explained the mystery and the puzzle of the case. Also a lot of the crime solving and puzzles are explained by Homes, the reason why I think this is because Watson is seen to be Holmes pupil. The reason why I think this is because all the explanation is done by Holmes and all the introduction to the cases are done by Homes. As example of this is shown on the first page to the story, Holmes explains to Watson about him leaving, and then Watson offers to come along, and once this is said by Watson, Holmes is very glad and happy that Watson has offered to come along. So overall I feel that his relationship between Holmes and Watson is very strong and powerful, this is because they have friendship, partnership and a lot of trust in each other. There partnership is also very successful because they both see each other as very useful, and are always happy to listen to each others views without arguing or disagreeing.

Knowles Separate Peace Essays: Self-Knowledge and Inner-Peace

A Separate Peace: Self-Knowledge and Inner-Peace The theme suggested in the closing paragraph of the novel A Separate Peace is that people create their own enemy and then they defend themselves laboriously and obsessively against their imaginary enemy. They develop a particular frame of mind to allay the fear that arises while facing their nonexistent enemy. In the novel, the protagonist, Gene, tries to fight a war with his best friend, Finny, not realizing that the enemy he sees is not Finny but is his own insecurity. At the beginning Gene believes that Finny is actually his enemy who is trying to sabotage him. Gene thinks that Finny envies his academic ability just as he envies Finny's extraordinary athletic ability. To feel better about himself, Gene lowers Finny to his level so that they are "even, even in enmity.† Gene's attitude toward Finny is a manifestation of his jealousy and lack of self-confidence. Finny, on the other hand is extremely confident. He never had the evil thoughts about destroying Gene's grades - he is too innocent of a person to have such thought. Furthermore, Finny, being a carefree person, does not even care about his own grades, and certainly not Gene's grades. Gene does not realize the truth, or perhaps he simply does not want to admit the truth. He has created an enemy to protect himself from acknowledging that he is not completely satisfied with his character, or lack of thereof. Gene finally realizes that Finny is not tryin... ...defenses that people have constructed are as useless as the "Maginot Lines"; they only prevent people from analyzing their emotions and characters. People should view the enemy and the war in a more objective perspective, and try to understand themselves. Only by doing so can they eventually find their identity.

Differences and Similarities: Apollo and Dionysus Essay -- Greek Mytho

Differences and Similarities: Apollo and Dionysus In Greek Mythology a rivalry always occurs between certain Gods and Goddesses. In the case of Apollo and Dionysus there is no exception. They are half brothers, both sons of Zues and they compete just as most brothers do. Though the two Greek Gods, Apollo and Dionysus, were actually very similar in some ways, they severely contrasted in others. Dionysus, son of Zues and Semele and Apollo, son of Zues and Leto, both were born under strange conditions. Dionysus was born from the thigh of Zues after being fully grown, and Apollo's mother, Leto, was in labor for nine days with him because Hera did not want him to be born and would not give Leto a safe place for the child to be delivered. Both these Gods have the need for power and a very creative drive. They spent their youth recruiting new worshipers for their respective cults in which they started, each cult showing their divinity. They are both associated with the phenomenon of ecstasy, meaning to stand outside oneself. In one such case, Apollo's priestess Pythia was overcome by his spirit and began speaking in tongues. Also when possessed by Dionysus, his followers similarly changed there normal actions, breaking into wild dances and "experienced a rapturous sense of union with their God." This shows how they made contact with humans, but in very different ways. The Differences between Apollo and Dionysus are not difficult to see. Though both Gods are associated wi...

Bang and Olufsen: Design Driven Innovation Essay

The key concern identified in this particular case is that Bang & Olufsen are lacking a strong sense of management. Designers seem to be the forefront of business innovation and innovation management needs to be altered. The article identifies that the designers are making major decisions in terms of product development, and although this may seem effective, management should have an influence on the entire company in order to make informed decisions in relation to the business’ innovation strategy. Bang & Olufsen follow a more semi-radical innovation approach, this is clear in the fact that the business has not changed the existing business model for some time, and more focus is towards technological advances. This is ineffective as for design driven innovation it is important to adopt an entirely radical innovation strategy. While B&O consider the design driven strategy as the best take for the future, the problem it causes is that they are unintentionally opening up the fut ure of the business into the designers hands. Thus, Bang & Olufsen requires a radical change of the business model in order to effectively conform to a radical innovation strategy. The company needs to realise that change is necessary and aim to be more involved in the decision making process. B&O need to use the designers as a guide for product development, and be more concerned with executing its innovation strategies and using the company image as a representative to users of their products. An effective way of ensuring this is possible is through thorough examination of the internal and external environment, and a structured innovation plan. Post work: This article, along with the discussion in the lecture has provided me with insight into issues involved in the case and marketing in general. There were several issues including conflicted vision within the company which led to missed deadlines and inability to effectively cooperate between the designers, engineers and management of B&O. This educated me on business’s requiring a solid vision in order to reach innovative goals and overall business objectives. Not only that, but management needs to be more involved in the innovation process so as to ensure input from people who envision ideas in the virtual world to be considered. Another fact relevant in the article as discussed in the lecture is concerning market research.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"B&O lacked a sufficient amount of market research†, which although good in some way, allowing the company to be more innovative and create new, impressive products, it often led to wasted time developing concepts that had no â€Å"substanc e†. Thus we can see that market research is an extremely important aspect of marketing management in order to be efficient, and to effectively identify consumer wants and needs to develop concepts worth producing. A final important point about marketing I have learnt is that, the designs of both â€Å"Idea Lab† and â€Å"Idea Land† is key as one develops a product and whilst one focuses more at the technological side. A significant point here is that ideas of both â€Å"Idea Lab† and â€Å"Idea Land† would be much simpler to develop if the two were working together. Therefore, companies should attempt to combine both product ideas and technological developments in order to successfully achieve innovative objectives.

dancing at lughnasa essays

dancing at lughnasa essays How, as a director, would you present the role of Michael in Friel's 'Dancing At Lughnasa'? What theatrical impact would you hope to achieve for the audience? AS with every character, a director must analyse and interpret Michael as they see him and then try to get this across to the audience without making him stand up stage and give them a profile of his and his aunts lives. As a director, I think that Michael's monologue at the Beginning of Act 1 is a key speech in terms of interpreting Michael's character. From reading the text I would say, Michael (who is looking back at his memories) is still a young man, perhaps in his twenties. I think this because his memories are so vivid. When you are still youngish you can still remember and relate to feelings you had as a child, you still understand why you thought or felt what you did. And so, in my opinion Michael (as an adult) should be staged as mid twenties. I also think that it would be easier for the audience to imagine a youngish Michael as a little boy rather than a man of about 45 as a little boy. Michael's speech, for me, does not reflect an unhappy childhood, yet it doesn't show that he was completely happy either. " I had a sense of unease, some awareness of a widening breach between what seemed to be and what was, of things changing too quickly before my eyes, of becoming what they ought not to be." I see Michael perfectly content with his surroundings. Nothing within the play makes me conclude that being brought up by five women and no father has affected him in any way. It seems that he would react to things as any normal boy of seven would. This part of Michael's character really needs to be conveyed to the audience so that they have no reason to look at him in a different way to how they would look at any other little boy. As a director I'd want the audience to like Michael, there would be no reason for them to feel sorry for him and they shouldn't absolutely ...

Free Essays on Human Resource Management (HRM)

This summary paper provides a full description and analysis of the Human Resource Management (HRM) function. Included in this paper are key topics discussed in this module: the basic functions of Human Resource Management: planning and forecasting human resource requirements, recruitment and selection, appraisal, evaluation and employee motivation. Additionally, this paper addresses employee quality of life and productivity programs and improving the physical work environment. The relationships between successful business and Human Resource Management are examined as well as how Human Resource Management strategies can be incorporated into business strategies to improve profit. The history of the development of human resource management can be traced back to the early 1900s. Human resource managers ¡Ã‚ ¦ original function was to basically manage the relationship between businesses and labor unions. Galbraith and Nathanson were among the first organization theorist to discuss explicitly the concept of human resources strategies in the context of strategic management. They developed a model for the human resource management function that divided the human resource management function into four basic subfunctions. Subsequent review of the human resource management function divided the function into seven parts. Although human resource management was originally seen as a necessary evil to deal with labor unions currently Human resource managers are viewed as an essential part of any successful organization. Human Resource Management focuses on securing, maintaining, and utilizing an effective work force, without which organizations cannot survive. Human Resource Management involves a variety of activities, which include recruitment, and screening of prospective employees, the study of training needs, preparing human resource forecasts, the development of compensation systems, and an understanding of the laws that effect the perform... Free Essays on Human Resource Management (HRM) Free Essays on Human Resource Management (HRM) This summary paper provides a full description and analysis of the Human Resource Management (HRM) function. Included in this paper are key topics discussed in this module: the basic functions of Human Resource Management: planning and forecasting human resource requirements, recruitment and selection, appraisal, evaluation and employee motivation. Additionally, this paper addresses employee quality of life and productivity programs and improving the physical work environment. The relationships between successful business and Human Resource Management are examined as well as how Human Resource Management strategies can be incorporated into business strategies to improve profit. The history of the development of human resource management can be traced back to the early 1900s. Human resource managers ¡Ã‚ ¦ original function was to basically manage the relationship between businesses and labor unions. Galbraith and Nathanson were among the first organization theorist to discuss explicitly the concept of human resources strategies in the context of strategic management. They developed a model for the human resource management function that divided the human resource management function into four basic subfunctions. Subsequent review of the human resource management function divided the function into seven parts. Although human resource management was originally seen as a necessary evil to deal with labor unions currently Human resource managers are viewed as an essential part of any successful organization. Human Resource Management focuses on securing, maintaining, and utilizing an effective work force, without which organizations cannot survive. Human Resource Management involves a variety of activities, which include recruitment, and screening of prospective employees, the study of training needs, preparing human resource forecasts, the development of compensation systems, and an understanding of the laws that effect the perform...

Arthritis Example

Arthritis Example Arthritis – Coursework Example Arthritis Nursing Assignment February 15, Rheumatoid Arthritis versus Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune reaction that mainly occurs in the synovial tissue leading to phagocytosis and production enzymes inside the joint. RA mainly affects the synovium of joints but can extend to affect multiple organs (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, & Cheever, 2010). RA may be acute in nature occurring at any age including children and is more common in women than in men.Osteoarthritis (OA), on the contrary, is a joint limited chronic arthropathy that presents with destruction of joint cartilage. OA is a degenerative disease that has a gradual onset causing joint pain, stiffness and rarely joint swelling. OA characteristically affects the older people and is more common compared to RA.Nursing CareNursing care (NC) in both conditions demands pain management using drugs. The NC also involves maintaining or improving joint mobility, implementing exercise programs to increase joint motion and muscle strength. However, in RA the NC aims at suppressing the inflammation and masking the autoimmune disorder that causes self-tissue attacks. To achieve the desired outcome, anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying agents are compulsory in RA.Factors that Increase Severity of ArthritisSeverity of RA depends on the genetic makeup of a person and run in most families with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene. Advancing age of patients, excessive weight gain, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption not only increase the risk of OA but also the severity of the disease.Role of Lifestyle Habits in the Development of ArthritisPoor dietary habits lead to excess weight gain that causes OA especially in obese patients. Obese individuals live sedentary kind of lifestyle and rarely exercise, which leads to high stress on the joints and decrease in joint mobility. Arthritis incidence is also high in individuals who also smoke and take alcohol (Porter & Kaplan, 2011).ReferencesPorter, R. S. & Kaplan, J. L. (2011). The Merck manual of diagnosis and therapy (19th ed.). White Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.Smeltzer, S. C., Bare, B., Hinkle, J. L., & Cheever, K. H. (2010). Brunner and Suddarth textbook of medical surgical nursing (12th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

The Rise And Fall Of The American Economy Coursework

The Rise And Fall Of The American Economy - Coursework Example In the US economy, there is a high level of unemployment and the interest rates in the economy are almost down to zero. The inflation is about 2% per year and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is increasing at less than 3% per year. It is necessary to raise the GDP growth to about 3% per year while keeping the rates of unemployment and inflation low in the economy. Economic depression in an economy can be controlled by the formulation of effective monetary and fiscal policies. While the Fiscal Policy is administered by the American Government, the Federal Reserve (the Central Bank of America) possesses the power to implement the monetary policies in the economy. These policies are based on a number of laws and theories; Okun’s Law and the Phillips Curve are two such important theories. The Okun’s law states that when actual output grows faster than potential output, unemployment rate in an economy, decreases and vice versa. The rate of output (GDP) growth corresponding to the stable rate of unemployment is then considered as the growth rate of the economy. Thus, it is the empirical relation between the output gap and the unemployment rate. (House of Representatives, USA, p.44) Phillips Curve shows the negative relationship between the unemployment rate and inflation rate in the economy. This implies that in order to reduce unemployment, some amount of inflation has to be tolerated or inflation can be reduced at the cost of rising inflation. (Tucker, 2011, p.453) Wages was not taken as a component of the Phillips curve as in the presence of unemployment, the bargaining power of labor is almost non-existent and thus, wages cannot be considered a key variable. However, Phillips Curve is a short-run phenomenon and there is no trade-off between inflation rate and unemployment rate in the long-run. (Mankiw, 2009, p.789) These two theories are indispensable to study monetary and fiscal policies because they show the relation between output, inflation and unemployment in an economy. A General Framework: The GDP of a country is the sum total of the values of all the goods and services produced within the geographical boundaries of a country in a particular year. Keynesian economics states that GDP can be expressed as the sum of the Consumption expenditure, the investment expenditure, the government expenditure plus exports minus imports. The equation can be expressed as: GDP = C + I + G + (X – M)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (1) where C: Consumption expenditure of the households I: Investment expenditure G: Government expenditure X: value of exports M: value of imports Equation (1) represents the real side of the economy where the concerned variables are all real variables. Fiscal Policy: The Government can alter the level of output, consumption, emplo yment and aggregate demand in an economy, using the two main instruments of fiscal policy – taxation and government spending. Keynesian economists believe that fiscal policy has a more straightforward and immediate impact compared to monetary policy (Genovese, 2010, p.160), as it affects the real sector of the economy, rather than the monetary sector. Expansionary Fiscal Policy: Equation (1) can also be expressed in terms of personal disposable income of the household sector as: Thus, GDP = C (y – t.y) + I + G + (X – M) where y: income of the households t: income tax rate in the economy (y – t.y): disposable income of the households Therefore, GDP = C {y (1-t)} + I + G + (X – M)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (2) When there is a high rate of unemployment in the economy, the Government can reduce the tax level in the economy i.e. the Government reduces â€Å"t† in the economy. When â€Å"t† is reduced, the consumers are required to pay less amount of t heir income as tax which increases their disposable income. The household’s consumption expenditure which is a function of their disposable income, naturally record a rise. In the equation (2), as a result of the decrease in

Human and Animal Interrelationships from Domestication to Present Term Paper - 7

Human and Animal Interrelationships from Domestication to Present - Term Paper Example At the point when one of his customers was ridiculed in court for favoring a country way of life, Cicero shielded nation life as the educator of economy, of industry, and of equity. Therefore, this article will focus on the early agriculture in Rome. Unlike modern times, Agriculture in Rome was not considered that important rather a privilege associated with the wealthy. The social elites of ancient Rome had undertaken the practice of agriculture as a respected occupation. The writings of Cicero clearly indicate that back in the time agriculture was quite a profitable and a joyful occupation which was means to acquire a better life (Smith 95). For this reason, the rural lifestyle was also readily acquired by the wealthy and others in the society also strived to adopt similar lifestyle. Two of the most popular crops which were more of a necessity for every table in Rome were wheat and spelt. Romans also relied on various provinces they had acquired after wars for agriculture yet most of their focus was on Italy which was quite suitable for a wide variety of crops (Johnston 55-56). During this era, Romans were also fond of purchasing food from the neighboring countries. Land ownership was the means to constitute a part of the aristocracy in Rome; the more land a person acquired to higher his esteem in society and politics was. Even the brave soldiers were allocated land as rewards for their services. Land was also the sole factor behind slave labor since men were enslaved to work of these fields. Thus, the paper aims at exploring how the Romans farmed to understand their values more as agriculture was the dominant factor behind every aspect of Roman life. Despite the fact that roman life was fixated on urban areas, a great many people existed in the nation becoming products, working the area, tending vines and herds. Agriculturists underpinned the citys fuel and sustenance

UK Policy Makers Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

UK Policy Makers - Case Study Example It is surprising why they do not ask themselves the crucial question" who are we working for and whose interest are we serving The answer would surely not be the councilor but the organization. The planning department was formed with the clear objective of providing a medium and a platform whereby the government officials could work in harmony with the developers and come forward with solutions on how to develop property in future, how to grant licenses and facilitating the developers with other such legal matters. However, the current stance of the officials of the planning development is full of negativity and they seek reasons to reject any and all applications irrespective of their compliance or non-compliance with the policies. The councilor himself seems to have no stringent code of conduct whereby he has indulged five times in lobbying and trying to influence the planning officer into declining my application for development. If this might be vague in convincing one of his intentions, he even appointed a temporary planning officer, to cover for Mr. F in his short absence from work, who more than stood up to the expectations of his boss and indulged in racism, negligence and lying , all witnessed by two witnesses with written statements. In the following statements, please take note of the... 1. Abuse of Power/Invasion of Privacy: The leave of Mr. F, my case officer and also the person who had recommended my application for approval, was en-cashed and made use of to suit their own ends and Mr. S. was ordered by Mr. W to take over Mr. F's responsibilities in his absence. Eager to please his boss, Mr. S wrote an appeal to refuse the application and to visit the site without prior notice. The question to be asked at this point in time is: Is a temporary planning officer, working as a temporary replacement only, entitled to such authority that he can contradict another officer's recommendation and write an appeal for the rejection of a case The second question that comes to mind is, why was I, being a proprietor and having complete ownership rights of it, not informed prior to conducting such a site visit The second offence is linked to this unannounced "Site Visit". 2. Breaking of statutory laws: Mr. S, or for that matter any planning officer in his place, is bound by law to issue a notification to the owner 24-48 hours before the site visit. 3. Entering Private Property under false pretences: Mr. S. lied to my tenants about the purpose of their visit and entered the site by mis-informing them : -They had my permission to visit the site -They were working in my interest 4. Racial Profiling: Mr. S on his site visit, disclosed personal information to my tenants in order to get friendly with them to take out information from them about me. Racial discrimination or profiling at any level is not encouraged much less from personnel bearing the Government assigned designations. The question to be asked at this level is, In effect

Smoking statistics in Great Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Smoking statistics in Great Britain - Essay Example Smoking is incontestably one of the dangerous habits that impose great danger to both smokers and non-smokers. The issue of smoking is a very important matter that needs keen observation due to its worldwide effect. Apart from health problems, smoking also affects the economy of the countries since there are several great hardworking citizens who regularly lost their lives due to smoking. Most governments in the world set big budgets to fight smoking habits instead of using the funds in other sectors that can improve the general lifestyles of their citizens. It is therefore paramount to address smoking and other smoking related issues, as we tend to head to a smoking free world with an intention of saving our lives and economies. This piece of writing features the burning issue of smoking in UK. According to Cancer research in UK, tobacco was initially introduced in UK in the 16th century where it was being smoked in pipes, which later turned to snuff taking and cigar smoking. There has been a record increase in smokers among men since its introduction especially in 1945. Smoking in UK involves both men and women but the number of men smokers are more compared to woman. Smoking is not a common habit among women as compared to men. According to Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) which gave statistical report regarding smoking such as prevalence, habits , attitudes, NHS costs and deaths from smoking related diseases current smokers smoked average of 12.7 cigarettes per day where 20% of the smokers were adults who were aged 16 and over. The report also found that 25% of pupils aged 11 to 15 had tried smoking where as 5% were regular smokers. The number of adult smokers in UK reduced from 39% in 1980 to 20% in 2010 where those aged 20-34 reported the highest prevalence rate of about 27% and adults aged 60 and above reported the lowest prevalence of 13% in 2010. The majority of smokers begin smoking at teenage and the addiction intensifies when they become adults and at this stage, it becomes very difficult to quit the habit. People smoke for different reasons such as the need for adolescent to look mature, peer influence and finally to try out. The fact that most old people such as parents and relat ives smoke, lures the children also to smoke so that they can also look mature. Children may at times be involved in smoking if they see their friends and their peers smoke perhaps to be accepted. People have the tendency of experimenting prohibited things so that they can actually find out the reason for it being outlawed. Parents and the government normally prohibit smoking among children hence making the children sneak away and smoke. It is however interesting to note that grown-ups smoke for some reasons different from the children such as relieving them from stress and pressures due to economic or personal problems. Adults feel that smoking make them feel relaxed or boost their energy as they undergo difficulties such as family burdens or relationship challenges. Adolescent stage is the right age of ascertaining whether a child will be a heavy smoker or not by paying much attention on their behaviors. Smoking vs Demography Marital status according to the HSCIC, plays a signific ant role in smoking where most smokers are reported to be either divorced, separated or unmarried. However, single people are not likely to be chain smokers as it is in the case of the separated and the divorced individuals who take most of their time smoking due to frustrations. The married people are said to be less likely to smoke compared to the unmarried and widowed individuals. Smoking Vs Socioeconomic It is fascinating that the degree of smoking also depends on socioeconomic class where the people in the manual and routine groups were found to comprise of heavy smokers compared to people in the management and specialized groups. Most people in the higher socioeconomic cla

Business data analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business data analysis - Essay Example They try to elaborate the rate at which the stock values are found to be varying over time. Seasonal variations Seasonal variations have very important implications for the policies which define the functioning of a company. Rise and fall in stock prices often classify the boom and recessive periods of a company respectively. When stock prices rise, the companies generally are found to increase their employee wages and hire more employees as the production rises. They are generally predicted through figuring out the differences between the predicted trend line and the actual observations, for each individual period. Averaging over the differences throughout an entire year leads to the calculation of seasonal variations for each month in any year (Hargreaves, 1994, p. 154). Stock prices for Deutsche Bank are estimated to be reaching a peak during the fourth month of every year while it faces a recession during the tenth month of every year. Hence, the company might be regarded to be u ndergoing a period of boom during the second quarter of every year and a depression during the fourth quarter. However, when these seasonal variation statistics are compared with the actual monthly differences in the trend calculations and actual observations, the readings were found to be much different. The following graph depicts the comparative readings of differences between actual and trend observations. ... On the other hand, recession is actually experienced during the beginning of second quarter as against the seasonal variations calculated. However, it is not repeated for each and every year, as is found for the year 2002. In the year 2002, the actual seasonal variations are found to be coinciding with the calculated ones even though the readings do not match each other. The only factor which seems to correspond with each other is the direction of trend. If actual stock price values are being counted for, as the diagram alongside depicts, it would show that the correspondence between actual trend and estimated one is rarely found for the span of 10 years. In fact, the diagram suggests the absence of any hard-core seasonal fluctuation as such. The actual detrended line indicates the period between 2002 and 2004 as well as that between 2009 and 2010 to be under recession while that between 2006 and 2008 to be a period of boom. On the other hand, seasonal variation statistics show that regular cycle of booms and recessions are found to characterise every year. However, a point to be taken a note of in this regard is that even when the company, i.e., Deutsche Bank undergoes a whole period of boom or recession as such, there exists small fluctuations during the same. Hence, predictions about seasonal variations are likely to match during some years. Even when a company is experiencing a period of boom or recession, there could be ups and downs in business which symbolise seasonal variations, which actually is a short run phenomenon. However, there might also be another reason behind the lack of compatibility between the estimated trends and the actual adjusted closing price of the stocks of Deutsche Bank. As the diagram produced

Smoking statistics in Great Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Smoking statistics in Great Britain - Essay Example Smoking is incontestably one of the dangerous habits that impose great danger to both smokers and non-smokers. The issue of smoking is a very important matter that needs keen observation due to its worldwide effect. Apart from health problems, smoking also affects the economy of the countries since there are several great hardworking citizens who regularly lost their lives due to smoking. Most governments in the world set big budgets to fight smoking habits instead of using the funds in other sectors that can improve the general lifestyles of their citizens. It is therefore paramount to address smoking and other smoking related issues, as we tend to head to a smoking free world with an intention of saving our lives and economies. This piece of writing features the burning issue of smoking in UK. According to Cancer research in UK, tobacco was initially introduced in UK in the 16th century where it was being smoked in pipes, which later turned to snuff taking and cigar smoking. There has been a record increase in smokers among men since its introduction especially in 1945. Smoking in UK involves both men and women but the number of men smokers are more compared to woman. Smoking is not a common habit among women as compared to men. According to Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) which gave statistical report regarding smoking such as prevalence, habits , attitudes, NHS costs and deaths from smoking related diseases current smokers smoked average of 12.7 cigarettes per day where 20% of the smokers were adults who were aged 16 and over. The report also found that 25% of pupils aged 11 to 15 had tried smoking where as 5% were regular smokers. The number of adult smokers in UK reduced from 39% in 1980 to 20% in 2010 where those aged 20-34 reported the highest prevalence rate of about 27% and adults aged 60 and above reported the lowest prevalence of 13% in 2010. The majority of smokers begin smoking at teenage and the addiction intensifies when they become adults and at this stage, it becomes very difficult to quit the habit. People smoke for different reasons such as the need for adolescent to look mature, peer influence and finally to try out. The fact that most old people such as parents and relat ives smoke, lures the children also to smoke so that they can also look mature. Children may at times be involved in smoking if they see their friends and their peers smoke perhaps to be accepted. People have the tendency of experimenting prohibited things so that they can actually find out the reason for it being outlawed. Parents and the government normally prohibit smoking among children hence making the children sneak away and smoke. It is however interesting to note that grown-ups smoke for some reasons different from the children such as relieving them from stress and pressures due to economic or personal problems. Adults feel that smoking make them feel relaxed or boost their energy as they undergo difficulties such as family burdens or relationship challenges. Adolescent stage is the right age of ascertaining whether a child will be a heavy smoker or not by paying much attention on their behaviors. Smoking vs Demography Marital status according to the HSCIC, plays a signific ant role in smoking where most smokers are reported to be either divorced, separated or unmarried. However, single people are not likely to be chain smokers as it is in the case of the separated and the divorced individuals who take most of their time smoking due to frustrations. The married people are said to be less likely to smoke compared to the unmarried and widowed individuals. Smoking Vs Socioeconomic It is fascinating that the degree of smoking also depends on socioeconomic class where the people in the manual and routine groups were found to comprise of heavy smokers compared to people in the management and specialized groups. Most people in the higher socioeconomic cla

Starting a small business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starting a small business - Essay Example Small businesses are of advantage because they can be started on a very low cost and investment and also on a part time basis. These businesses are mostly popular in all the countries but they exceed in number in developing countries. There are many organizations which offer help while developing and starting a new business in the market. Internet businesses can very well be termed as small businesses and can be established easily because of their nature. When starting a small business, one of the major important decisions one has to take is the selection of the location. This is one of the riskiest decisions an individual takes while starting the business. Usually the trend has been observed that people prefer to install their businesses in the area of their hometown. This place is closer to their family and friends. There are many reasons for this choice. The first or the foremost is the personal reason according to which people usually don't want to leave their hometown and develop a business away from their families when they can happily to do in their own vicinity closer to people they love and care about. While taking such a crucial step in life, one needs their family the most (Perri, 2006).

A view from the Bridge Essay Example for Free

A view from the Bridge Essay Eddie could not, but Marco lifted the chair by one leg and held it above Eddies head. From that point on Eddies relationships with all of the family, including the immigrants, became very tense. The first climax of this argument comes shortly after the start of Act Two, when Eddie comes back to the flat, unsteady, drunk, Catherine and Rodolpho come out of the bedroom, her rearranging her dress. Eddie realising what has happened orders Rodolpho to, Pack it up. Go ahead. Get your stuff and get outa here. When Catherine attempts to follow Rodolpho, Eddie becomes angrier, grabbing her and kissing her on the mouth as if to stamp ownership on her in front of Rodolpho. Then he is so angry that he kisses Rodolpho as well, as if to emasculate him. The second and final climax comes at the end of the play. Eddie has become so obsessed with Catherine that he phones the Immigration Authorities in order to stop her marrying Rodolpho. As a result of this Marco, Rodolpho and the Liparis two immigrants are captured. On the way out of the house Marco spits in Eddies face, shouting, That one! He killed my children! Eddie for the last part of the play becomes preoccupied with getting his name back having been shamed in front of members of his local community. In the end he dies for his name and reputation at Marcos hands. Eddies relationship with Beatrice is strained and rocky, it is obviously breaking down and continues to do so through the duration of the play. Beatrice asks Eddie, When am I gonna be a wife again, Eddie its almost three months you dont feel good. She is referring to the fact that they have not slept together for three months another sign of a disintegrating marriage. They also disagree on the subject of Catherine and Rodolpho. Beatrice believes that they should have their freedom, Eddie believes that they should not go out and that Catherine should live with them, seemingly for ever. This disagreement renders their relationship fraught with problems and arguments. Their relationship has disintegrated totally by the end of the play, but at Eddies death he seems to apologise, saying simply, My B.! The most pathetic element of Eddies death is that he himself caused it. He created all the problems that started all the arguments with the immigrants; he phoned the Immigration Authorities resulting in his final confrontation with Marco; he even drew the knife that killed him in order to kill Marco with it. The fact that Alfieri refers to: seeing every step coming, step after step, like a dark figure walking down a hall towards a certain door. I knew where he was headed for, I knew where he was going to end. shows that he had a fate or destiny and the way he was going there was no way of avoiding it, he was going to die as a result of this quarrel. At the end of the book Alfieri makes a striking comment that helps you to feel sympathy for Eddie, however useless the petty argument that ended his life was. He says, For he allowed himself to be wholly known and for that I think I will love him more than all my sensible clients. This shows you that however critical you may be of his character you have to be sympathetic towards him as it seems that revealing your whole character to everyone, leaving nothing unknown is one of the bravest things anyone can do, and in a way it must have been that which killed him. Eddie Carbone is a very tragic character who, through his own doing caused his death and his isolation from those around him, which evokes both criticism and pity amongst the audience. However, one must feel sympathy for him, in that he bared his soul to the world and paid the ultimate price for it. Charlotte Lambie Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Fieldwork Report in Physical Geography

Fieldwork Report in Physical Geography Importance of fieldwork in Physical Geography The process of observing and collecting data about people, cultures, topographic features and natural environments is considered as the field work. Field work is conducted not only in the wild of our everyday surroundings but also in the semi-controlled environments of a lab or classroom. Generally, field work contributes to help researchers to collect data about the people, species and dynamic places surrounding them. It is the fieldwork which enables the students as well as the researchers to examine how the scientific theories interact with real life. The importance of fieldwork is enormous in both the social and natural sciences. Social sciences deals with economics or history and mainly focus on people, culture, and society while natural sciences, such as biology or chemistry, focus on physical characteristics of nature as well as natural environments. So, in physical geography fieldwork is a standard method which offers new understandings of physical phenomena that can be obtained most clearly. In this way fieldwork turns out to be a highly enthusiastic means to obtain new interpretations when combined with proper tools and techniques associated with other wide-ranging mapping tools in the geographic information science (GIS science) laboratory like land cover or land shape data as well as digital elevation models derived from satellite imagery. Field work in Sundarban Sundarban is positioned along the cost of Bay of Bengal in the southern part of Bangladesh covering an area of 272,510 hectares of which 139,500 hectors are in Bangladesh and the remaining 133,010 hectares form the Indian part. The Sundarbans (Bangladesh part) was designated as a world heritage sites in 1997 by the UNESCO. The worlds largest mangrove Sundarbans consist of three wildlife sanctuaries (Sundarbans West, East and South) which are lying on disjunctive deltaic islands close to the boundary with India in the west of the main outflow of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers. A complex network of tidal waterways, mud flats and small islands of salt tolerant mangrove forests intersected these sanctuaries. During high tides the area is swamped with brackish water that mix with freshwater from inland rivers. Alluvial deposits in this area are geologically very recent and deep. The landscape of Sundarban is dynamic in nature which is constantly being changed due to the combine d effect of the monsoon rains, delta formation, flooding and tidal influence. Sundarban. the largest mangrove forest in the world is an excellent example of a rich biodiversity and ongoing ecological processes. Moreover, Sundarban is illustrious because of its extensive range of flora such as Sundari (Heritiera fomes), Gewa (Excoecaria agallocha), Goran (Ceriops decandra), Hetal (Phoenix paludosa), Kholshi (Aegiceras corniculatum), Passur (Xylocarpus granatum), Hargoja (Acanthus ilicifolius), Keora (Sonneratia apetala), Kakra (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza), Kerpa (Lumnitzera racemosa), Nolkhagra (Phragmites australis) etc. though the forest flora in the western Sundarbans is not as diverse as in the east because of the abundance of saline conditions. Moreover, the sunderbans of Bangladsh supports largest diversity of fauna including the famous Royal Bengal tiger, different species of birds, numerous reptiles, and other endangered species, such as the estuarine crocodile and then Indian python. That is why Sundarban is a place of great interest for the researchers to conduct field work. Places of interest in Sundarban during the fieldwork: Katka Katka is situated at about 100 km from Mongla about 150km from Khulna city. It is considered as one of the most magnificent spots in Sundarban, where one will see Spotted Deers and Royal Bengal Tiger. This beautiful spot however was severely damaged during the cyclone SIDR. A beautiful sea beach is located on the west of this point and this place is more wild comparing to Hiron point. Major Attractions: Spotted Deer herds Jamtala watchtower to view wildlife Basking Crocodiles Tiger spotting The Katka beach Proposed fieldworks: Soil sample collection from Kotka by boring. Sediment collection through â€Å"sediment trapper† near Kotka Collection of water sample. Dublar Char Dublar char is located 25 km southwest of Katka and 35 km southeast of Nilkamal (Hironpoint). This is essentially known as the fisherman’s island. Major Attractions: Numerous species of fish and crab Raash mela on November Local fish processing procedures Unique topographical features Proposed fieldworks: Colleting soil samples by boring and using monolith, Determining the spot height points, wind speed and tidal information, Data collection of vegetation and biodiversity in that area, Collecting water samples, Surveying on the problems Prospects related to fish drying sector. Karamjal Karamjal is situated in the northeastern part of Shundarban near the Mongla port. It is 107 km away from Khulna city and is a significant eco-truism spot. Major Attractions: Basking Crocodiles breeding farm Monkeys Various representative plants of Shundarban Otter and Spotted Deer Proposed fieldworks: Colleting soil samples Soil samples , Collecting sediments from the river bed water sample collection Activities during the fieldwork The journey for Shundarban started in the morning of 9th November 2013 at 8.30 am. The fieldwork started by collecting â€Å"soil sample† through â€Å"boring† collection of â€Å"sediments† by â€Å"sediment trapper† and water sample collection near kotka in 10th November, 2013 and ended it by visiting Karamjal tourist spot and collecting of sediments from there in 13th November, 2013. The day to day description of activities during the fieldwork is given below:- Day-1 (10.11.13) Visited the Jamtala watchtower at Katka to view amazing wildlife Visited the beautiful Katka beach Collected sediments by â€Å"sediment trapper† Collected water sample. Day-2 (11.11.13) Studied the soil profile of Dublar Char (east side) to identify the Sedimentary Sequence based on Litho-stratigraphic Survey. Water sample collected by Hydrological survey. Measured the biodiversity and identified by vegetation survey. Identified and determined the spot height points by leveling survey. Measured the wind speed wave by GEOTIMED group survey. Observed and collected information of human economical activities focusing on the people related to the dry fish industry of Dublar Char by FGED group Questionnaire survey. Collected river bed sediments by â€Å"sediment trapper† Day-3 (12.11.13) Visited the West side of Dubler char. Collected information of human economical activities focusing on the people related to the dry fish industry of Dublar Char by FGED group Questionnaire survey. Arranged a Cultural program a Feast. Day-4 (13.11.13) Visited Karamjal. Collected soil sample from Karamjal. Arranged a formal Viva exam by honorable teachers. Major Challenges Fieldwork in Sundarban proved to be a quite difficult task in many ways. Some major challenges that we figured out during the fieldwork can be stated as following: Challenges during the study of soil profiles and lithological Survey: . The sample got a bit disturbed while preparing the profile as the soil was a bit friable. Loss of soil while cleaning up profile Presence and seepage of water in the study site.( From nearby water body) The soil sample collected by the gauge sampler sample got a bit disturbed. Human induced problems and technical error while collecting soil sample. Challenges during the study of Wave Wind measurement and hydrological survey: Facing difficulties during the plotting of the GEOTIMED device. Human induced troubles and technical error during wind speed measurement. Extreme time consumption during the survey . Insufficient collection of data. Challenges during the study of Biodiversity Vegetation survey : Risk of attack by tigers. Grid formation was disturbed by Dense plantation and obstructed the work. It was time consuming process to locate each grid. Identification of species was quite difficult.

Birthcontrol and the Work Of Margaret Sanger Essay -- History Historic

Birthcontrol and the Work Of Margaret Sanger Works Cited Missing "A free race cannot be born" and no woman can call herself free who does not own and control her body. No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother"(Sanger A 35). Margaret Sanger (1870-1966)said this in one of her many controversial papers. The name of Margaret Sanger and the issue of birth control have virtually become synonymous. Birth control and the work of Sanger have done a great deal to change the role of woman in society, relationships between men and woman, and the family. The development and spread of knowledge of birth control gave women sexual freedom for the first time, gave them an individual identity in society and a chance to work without fearing they were contributing to the moral decline of society by leaving children at home. If birth control and Sanger did so much good to change the role of women in society why was birth control so controversial?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although birth control and other forms of contraceptives did not fully become legal until the 1960’s they had been developed nearly seventy years earlier in the forms the are still prevalent today (Birth Control in America). The modern condom, or â€Å"...rubber was invented in 1870, but [it] was not the thin latex type†¦Ã¢â‚¬  that is currently prevalent in our society (Hoag Levins 2). An early form of the birth control pill, which Margaret Sanger advocated, was also in existence in the very late 1800’s (Birth Control in America). Contraception was considered an ethical issue, in that the majority of Americans believed it was a form of abortion and therefor it was considered amoral (Birth Control in America). The laws of Sanger's day â€Å"...forced women into celibacy on one hand, or abortion on the other" (Sanger B 3). Why did it take so long to spread and legalize something with the potential to better the lives and life styles of women a nd families in the early 1900’s? It could be partially attributed to the attitude of politicians of the time. President Theodore Roosevelt said "...that the American people would be committing racial suicide"(Birth Control in America). Roosevelt shared a belief, held by the majority of politicians at the time, that families of America should act, as Roosevelt put it "servants of the state; and should provide Children to build national st... ...mple of liberty" for women in America (Sanger).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is true that birth control may not have been the sole factor in the women's movement and freedom of self, but without this key element the struggle would have been longer and harder. Birth control changed family size and structure. It gave women a new sexual freedom with their own body. It gave women a voice and their own identity, which in turn allowed them to have an identity that separates from their spouses. Birth control helped shift slightly the balance of power from only being masculine to shared between the sexes. Margaret did so much to bring the issue of birth control and its benefits in to the for fount in her time. Her writings and actions better the lives of women in America then, and today more then ever. Margaret Sanger wrote the woman "...must emerge from her ignorance and assume her responsibility..." of her own body and "...the first step is Birth Control. Through Birth Control [the woman] will attain voluntary motherhood. Having attained this, the basic freedom of her sex, [the woman] will cease to enslave herself†¦[the woman] will not stop at patching up the world; she will remake it" (Sanger A 36). Birthcontrol and the Work Of Margaret Sanger Essay -- History Historic Birthcontrol and the Work Of Margaret Sanger Works Cited Missing "A free race cannot be born" and no woman can call herself free who does not own and control her body. No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother"(Sanger A 35). Margaret Sanger (1870-1966)said this in one of her many controversial papers. The name of Margaret Sanger and the issue of birth control have virtually become synonymous. Birth control and the work of Sanger have done a great deal to change the role of woman in society, relationships between men and woman, and the family. The development and spread of knowledge of birth control gave women sexual freedom for the first time, gave them an individual identity in society and a chance to work without fearing they were contributing to the moral decline of society by leaving children at home. If birth control and Sanger did so much good to change the role of women in society why was birth control so controversial?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although birth control and other forms of contraceptives did not fully become legal until the 1960’s they had been developed nearly seventy years earlier in the forms the are still prevalent today (Birth Control in America). The modern condom, or â€Å"...rubber was invented in 1870, but [it] was not the thin latex type†¦Ã¢â‚¬  that is currently prevalent in our society (Hoag Levins 2). An early form of the birth control pill, which Margaret Sanger advocated, was also in existence in the very late 1800’s (Birth Control in America). Contraception was considered an ethical issue, in that the majority of Americans believed it was a form of abortion and therefor it was considered amoral (Birth Control in America). The laws of Sanger's day â€Å"...forced women into celibacy on one hand, or abortion on the other" (Sanger B 3). Why did it take so long to spread and legalize something with the potential to better the lives and life styles of women a nd families in the early 1900’s? It could be partially attributed to the attitude of politicians of the time. President Theodore Roosevelt said "...that the American people would be committing racial suicide"(Birth Control in America). Roosevelt shared a belief, held by the majority of politicians at the time, that families of America should act, as Roosevelt put it "servants of the state; and should provide Children to build national st... ...mple of liberty" for women in America (Sanger).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is true that birth control may not have been the sole factor in the women's movement and freedom of self, but without this key element the struggle would have been longer and harder. Birth control changed family size and structure. It gave women a new sexual freedom with their own body. It gave women a voice and their own identity, which in turn allowed them to have an identity that separates from their spouses. Birth control helped shift slightly the balance of power from only being masculine to shared between the sexes. Margaret did so much to bring the issue of birth control and its benefits in to the for fount in her time. Her writings and actions better the lives of women in America then, and today more then ever. Margaret Sanger wrote the woman "...must emerge from her ignorance and assume her responsibility..." of her own body and "...the first step is Birth Control. Through Birth Control [the woman] will attain voluntary motherhood. Having attained this, the basic freedom of her sex, [the woman] will cease to enslave herself†¦[the woman] will not stop at patching up the world; she will remake it" (Sanger A 36).

The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay -- psychology, drug

Addiction is the chronic and inappropriate use of a substance or activity that interferes with one’s daily life. Research has shown that addictive substances become engrained in the individual’s coping mechanism. Cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective form of addiction’s treatment because it is an integrative approach that consists of multiple stages, views the individual as a whole, more effective than pharmacotherapy, and creates a healthy relationship with the therapist. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that teaches the individual new behavior patterns to break their old ineffective habits. Scientific research on addiction shows that those who suffer from substance dependency do not have the same capabilities as non-substance users. This can include the ability to think of the consequences of their actions, plan ahead and decision-making skill. (Simpson et al., 2011, p. 2). In CBT, a therapist must ensure that the client deve lops these skills and creates a functional concept of self through goals. The type of goals is typically depended on the therapist’s opinion. It is vital for the therapist to have self-awareness to a client’s substance dependency because their response to the substance or client will effect the treatment. The therapist should have supervision to ensure that the cognitive-behavior therapy is helping the client and it is not harming the therapist’s mental state. Psychotherapy is individualized for both therapists and clients, yet there are some clear stages and ideas in CBT. Cognitive behavioral therapy is based on the cycle of the ABC model, which consists of antecedents, behavior and consequences (Ryan, 2013, p.33). The antecedent is the event that takes place to cause ... ...iates Publishers. Hides, L., Samet, S., & Lubman, D. I. (2010). Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for the treatment of co-occurring depression and substance use: Current evidence and directions for future research. Drug & Alcohol Review, 29(5), 508-517. Ryan, F. (2013). Cognitive therapy for addiction: Motivation and change. Wiley-Blackwell. Simpson, D., Joe, G. W., Dansereau, D. F., & Flynn, P. M. (2011). Addiction treatment outcomes, process and change: Texas Institute of Behavioral Research at Texas Christian University. Addiction, 106(10), 1733-1740. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide (Third Edition) (December 2012). Retrieved November 8, 2013, from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/evidence-based-approaches-to-drug-addiction-treatment/behavioral.

Healthcare Informatics Discuss Essay

The information revolution has changed the health care system to an unbelievable level. Combination of informatics in nursing is going beyond data processing function I view nursing informatics as a specialty title to health care informatics. Health informatics. the application of computer and information science in al basic and applied biomedical sciences to facilitate and acquisition , processing, interpretation, optimal use, and communication of health-related date. Hebda, T., & Czar, P. (2012. P.6). I consider healthcare informatics is dealing with information, computerized information and telecommunications. Especially for nursing informatics deals with these also but how they impact patient care. Nurses in today’s world are almost all familiar with some sort of healthcare informatics such as a computerized medication system or charting systems as well as discharge instructions or patient education. Every nurse at my facility uses the computer, internet, and intranet dail y to conduct patient care. I work in the OR and we get our room assignment off a computer generated sheet. There are definitely different levels the variety of nurses are able to use the computer systems for these purposes. We collect data and information before patient come to the operating room. We will collect date about patient’s age, weight, allergy, blood work †¦..Etc. We use this knowledge to manage and plan the patient care. For example: my patient is overweight I will need to solve the moving patient from cart to bed problem before and after surgery. I will put a special air mattress on the OR bed. And by checking the patient labs from the computer, I will know if this patient has been cross matched for the surgery in case so unpredictable blood lost from the surgery. I think the computer system is essential for patient care. It benefits both the patients stay and the work flow of the nurse. From the patients perspective they can expect fewer errors, shorter stays, better communication, and even more high tech rooms with vital sign equipment that enters its data into a computer automatically. Patients can also expect better education and information about a certain disease, even the rarest of them all. The benefits to nurses are tremendous. short7sweet (Se ptember 2008) Reference Hebda, T. , & Czar, P. (2012). Handbook of Informatics for Nurses & Healthcare Professionals (5th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Short7sweet (2008, 09). Health Informatics. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 09, 2008, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Health-Informatics-164985.html

Chemistry Of Liquid Crystal Displays Engineering Essay

Nanoscience includes the survey and creative activity of stuffs, devices, and systems by pull stringsing single atoms and molecules. It describes research where the characteristic dimension of 1 or more planes is less than 100 nanometres i.e. , 0.1 micrometers. As we know that all manufactured merchandises are made from atoms and the belongingss of those merchandises depend on how atoms are arranged in them. So if we can rearrange the atoms in: Coal we get diamonds or black lead. Sand ( adding a few other hint elements ) we get computing machine french friess. Dirt, H2O and air we can do murphies. Unlike their larger or â€Å" macro † opposite numbers, nanoparticles frequently display alone belongingss that may be of usage for assorted applications.Introduction to Liquid CrystalsThe survey of liquid crystals began ( 1888 ) when an Austrian phytologist, Friedrich Reinitzer observed that a stuff known as cholesteryl benzoate had two distinguishable runing points. In his experiments, Reinitzer increased the temperature of a solid sample and watched the crystal alteration into a brumous liquid. As he increased the temperature further, the stuff changed once more into a clear, crystalline liquid. Because of this early work, Reinitzer is credited with detecting a new province of affair – the liquid crystal province.What are Liquid Crystals?There are solids which when heated undergo two crisp stage transmutations one after the other. They foremost fuse aggressively giving turbid liquid and so once more every bit aggressively at higher temperature giving clear liquids. These alterations are precisely reversed on chilling at the same temperatures. The turbid liquid nevertheless show anisotropy ( i.e. , they have different physical belongingss in different waies ) . Anisotropy is observed peculiarly in their optical behaviour. Therefore they exhibit dual refractions and intervention forms in polarized visible radiation. True liquids, on the contrary, are isotropous ( i.e. , they have same belongingss in all waies ) . Since anisotropic belongingss are associated with crystalline province, the turbid liquids are called liquid crystals. And as they are neither solids nor liquids, hence, the term muscular province ( intending intermediate signifier, in Greek ) likely fits the best. But liquid crystal besides continues to be used even in present twenty-four hours literature. Obviously, an indispensable demand for mesomorphism to happen is that the molecule should be anisotropic in form, like rod or a phonograph record. Industrial Lubricants exist, more or less, in liquid crystalline, i.e. , muscular province. The proteins and fats besides exist or acquire changed into this province before digestion and are therefore easy assimilated into the organic structure. This province is believed to play an of import function in the nutritionary and other procedures. Note the mean alliance of the molecules for each stage in the undermentioned diagram. It is sometimes hard to find whether a stuff is in a crystal or liquid crystal province. Crystalline stuffs demonstrate long scope periodic order in three dimensions. By definition, an isotropic liquid has no orientational order. Substances that are non ordered as solids, yet have some grade of alliance are decently called liquid crystals.PHASES OF LIQUID CRYSTALSThere are two basic stages of Liquid Crystals:NEMATIC SMECTICLiquid crystals act like polarising filters. The orientationally ordered rod-like molecules in liquid crystals affect the polarisation of the familial visible radiation.What is Liquid Crystal DisplayaˆÂ ¦ ?A procedure of picture show which is based on liquid crystal bed sandwiched between two polarising crystalline glass beds. The crystals that are charged by transistors unfastened and close to let and barricade the transition of visible radiation. In a projection format, visible radiation is passed through the LCD panel, from an internal lamp, onto the screen and each crystal is represented by one pel.Types of LC DisplaysThere are the undermentioned types of Liquid Crystal Displaies: Activematrix liquid crystal show Cholesteric liquid crystal show Transflective liquid crystal show ST liquid crystal showApplications Of LCDTypes of Display Screens Used TodayThere are two basic types of show screens used in today ‘s clip that are as followers: Cathode Ray Tube Display Liquid Crystal DisplayWhat is CRT DisplayaˆÂ ¦ ?CRT Display is an parallel show device which uses a vacuity tubing that generates images, on a bed of phosphors driven by an negatron beam, inside the tubing.How Does CRT WorksaˆÂ ¦ ?CRTs work by lighting points of phosphor on the screen by firing a beam of negatrons from the dorsum of the tubing. At the rear of the tubing an emitter is present. A beam of negatrons is sent towards the screen at the forepart of the tubing, by the emitter. The beam of negatrons is passed through a magnetic field which targets it at specific place on the screen, at the forepart of the tubing. The screen in forepart of the tubing is coated with phosphor which glows when it is struck by negatron beam. The phosphor points are arranged in little groups of ruddy, green and bluish and by uniting these three primary colourss, any colour can be created.Advantages of CRTSing AngleDue to the glowing points being near to the surface of glass, each point is every bit bright from any sing angle.B. ) colour fidelityAs each point is self-illuminating, uneven lighting or screening angles would non do colour fluctuations across the surface of the screen.No â€Å" dead pels †CRT ‘s do n't endure from the job of â€Å" dead pels † that consequence Plasma and LCD shows because the procedure of pu ting down the phosphor points is really simple.Disadvantages of CRTWeightAs the CRT screens get larger, their glass must acquire thicker to defy the force per unit area of the vacuity inside which would ensue in telecastings weighing 100s of lbs.B. ) Phosphor Burn-inThe phosphor compounds which really create the seeable visible radiation in the CRT show become less aglow with usage. This is one of the chief grounds for why an old telecasting set expression dim. If the show is systematically used to demo the same image for a long period of clip, the image can acquire â€Å" burned in † to the screen and it appears as a darkened image whenever the show is turned on. This is a common issue in instances when the show is connected to a computing machine where the common screen elements such as bill of fares or Windowss may stay on the screen for a long period of clip. While the new sets use a no. of techniques to cut down the happening of burn-in drastically, the overall brightness of the show still diminishes over clip.c. ) SizeCRT shows are limited to size around 45 inches. They are besides deeper than about all other shows because the negatron gun is placed far plenty behind the screen such that the full surface can be hit by it. Earlier the negatron gun had a sweep angle of 90 grades but in the late 1990 ‘s many CRT ‘s started utilizing negatron guns with 100 grades arc, which allowed shorter tubings to be used.How Does Liquid Crystal Display WorksaˆÂ ¦ ?The liquid crystal show works by reflecting a changeless, pure white visible radiation, foremost through a liquid crystal â€Å" shutter † and so through a coloured filter to make each point ( pel ) on the show. Each pel is really made up of three of these points of ruddy, green, and blue, each. The liquid crystal â€Å" shutters † first base on balls the polarising the visible radiation in one way and so base on balls it through a bed of liquid crystal. The liquid crystals are used to revolve the polarisation of the light passing through them, when the current is applied and the sum of rotary motion is controlled by changing the current. The visible radiation is so passed through a colour filter for the remotion of other constituents of the white visible radiation, go forthing merely the coveted colourss. The colored ( and polarized ) visible radiation is so passed through a concluding polarizing filter which is rotated 90 grades with regard to the original polarizing filter. If the visible radiation had non been rotated, so no visible radiation would ‘ve passed through the 2nd polarizing filter and the point would look dark. If the visible radiation had been to the full rotated, so it would go through through the filter at maximal strength.Advantages of LCDThe advantages of a liquid crystal show are:FlatDue to the absence of any big tubing, the LCD is much thinner than a CRT show.LightweightBecause it requires a beginning of visible radiation and the lightweight LCD shutters, the liquid crystal show is much lighter than CRT shows.Low Power ConsumptionAlthough the light beginning is required to run at maximal power over the full surface of the show, LCD ‘s by and large use lesser energy to run than CRT shows. Nowadays LCD shows use LED backlights usage less energy than any other show.Disadvantages of LCDThe disadvantages of the Liquid crystal show are:Sing AngleBecause of the colour filters and liquid crystals sitting between the spectator and the light beginning, each pel on an LCD show exists in a little â€Å" box † that prevents visible radiation from shed blooding from one pel to another . The â€Å" walls † of these boxes block the line-of-sight between the light beginning and the spectator when viewed at an angle which reduces the sensed brightness of that pel. Newer and more expensive shows are utilizing shallower boxes to minimise this issue.Response TimeEarlier, LCD shows had been plagued by slow response times because of the liquid crystals taking clip to alter province which consequences in â€Å" blurring † or â€Å" streaking † of fast-moving images. Newer theoretical accounts do non endure from this show â€Å" slowdown † as much.Color fidelityLCD shows use a individual visible radiation beginning that eliminates each pel in the show equally. It is really hard to fabricate a visible radiation beginning which is equally illuminated across its full surface. Inexpensive LCD ‘s frequently have uneven illuming across the show. In add-on, on larger shows, the spectator ‘s angle from the show may change rather a spot from the centre to the borders of the screen. Because of this the pels near the borders appear darker because they are non being viewed head-on.ContrastAs the light beginning is ever â€Å" on † behind every point of the LCD, it is hard to wholly barricade the visible radiation at a given pel and accomplish true black.LCD Construction & A ; Terminology1. ) F substrate ( glass ) 2. ) Terminal 3. ) Section electrode 4. ) Common electrode 5. ) B substrate ( glass ) 6. ) Upper polarising home base 7. ) Orientation bed 8. ) Sealant 9. ) LC ( liquid crystal ) 10. ) Conducting stuff 11. ) Sealant 12. ) Inlet 13. ) Sing country 14. ) Lower polarising home base, or lower polarising home base and reflecting home base

Jose Enrique Rodo's Ariel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jose Enrique Rodo's Ariel - Essay Example As Carlos Fuentes explains in the prologue, "Ariel appears as the emotional and intellectual response of Latin American thought and Latin American spirituality to growing North American imperial arrogance, gunboat diplomacy, and big stick policies."1 United States utilitarianism is seen negatively by Rodo, since it represents a cultural conquest that could easily take over the Spanish American way of life. Rodo criticizes the United States drive to dominate the world and force his ideals onto the world, causing "the axis of the world to shift in the direction of a new Capitol". Jos Enrique Rodo published Ariel in 1900, at the turn of a new century and at times where modernists were discussing and questioning the role of society, as well as the idea of powerful masses versus the individual self. This text basically deals with the question of how Latin American culture is to survive in a modern mass society that often admires the United States democratic and utilitarian way of life. The essay, one of Rodo's most influential works, uses Shakespeare's characters from ''Tempest,'' Ariel who represents the spiritual values, and Prospero, a teacher who represents the intellectual, and is faced with a choice between losing power or allying himself with the masses. In Prospero's character, the author incarnates the Latin American concern of whether succumbing to the ut

The Great Railroad Strike 1877 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Great Railroad Strike 1877 - Research Paper Example strike failed to a considerable level, but it evoked labour upheaval, social change, political mainstream and organization among the American labourers. The workers at Ohio and Baltimore railroad went on strike because their wages were reduced twice over the previous year. The striking workers refused to let the trains run until all the pay cut were returned to respective employees affected.1 Following the civil war, railway industry was the leading sector in industrial growth. The development of several railway lines was fuelled by the government grants and subsidies during 1870s, making the railroad become the largest commercial sector in USA. The Chicago Tribune termed it as â€Å"the very heart and life of the modern system of commercial existence.† As the expansion of the railway continued, their economic and political power grew dramatically. In contrast, the workers in the railroad industry lacked political as well as an economic power. An increasing influx of workers from Europe and rural areas to the city meant that labour supply surpassed demand. Since an individual worker was not considered as valuable commodity, several companies rarely had a good incentive to respond to the workers needs. In addition, there were little ideologies of solidarity among workers and labour unions were being viewed as criminal gang organizations. Some existing unions were u npopular with the public and were not able to execute their duties because they feared facing legal challenges. The problem faced by some labour movement intensified in 1873 when economic panic erupted. The unemployment rate was at 25% and the value of an individual worker dropped considerably. Moreover, as the government continued cutting the wages, the unions and workers revolted and fought back. Railroad workers faced the harsh working environment and were not able to collectively respond to the persistent wage cut. As corporations suffered consistently, reduced revenues and economic depression

LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL, the trial and death of socrates book Essay

LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL, the trial and death of socrates book - Essay Example t or wrong - acting the part of a good man or of a bad.† (Plato, 48) Socrates believed that danger and fear of death are irrelevant from a moral standpoint and he provides significant illustrations from the Greek epics, suggesting that Achilles never had any thought of death and danger. A man ought to remain in the place which he has chosen or that in which he has been placed by a commander at hour of danger and he should not think of death or of anything, except about disgrace or shame. Socrates condemns danger and fear of death as the source of all unwise deeds and they lead one to disgraceful or shameful deeds in life. â€Å"For this fear of death is indeed the pretence of wisdom, and not real wisdom, being the appearance of knowing the unknown; since no one knows whether death, which they in their fear apprehend to be the greatest evil, may not be the greatest good. Is there not here conceit of knowledge, which is a disgraceful sort of ignorance?† (Plato, 49) In shor t, Socrates provides convincing description and illustrations for the â€Å"virtuous life†, danger and fear of death, and â€Å"shame†. According to Socrates, the laws of Athens will be damaged if he escapes his death sentence and he provides striking reasons for claiming so. Socrates believes that a State cannot subsist and be overthrown, if the decisions of law have no power, but are set aside and overthrown by individuals. Every citizen of Athens, especially a clever rhetorician as Socrates, should have a good awareness of the evil of setting aside the law which requires a sentence to be carried out. Socrates believes that he has been in an important contract or agreement with the laws of Athens according to which he should abide by the sentence of the State. Thus, he fears the contempt of the state for not obeying this contract. â€Å"Tell us what complaint you have to make against us which justifies you in attempting to destroy us and the State? †¦ Has a philosopher like you failed to discover

National incident based reporting system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

National incident based reporting system - Essay Example This paper identifies the current challenges of crime reporting as the lack of harmonization on the usage of crime reporting programs used in various states in U.S. It is important to note that some cities have failed to incorporate NIBRS into their crime prevention and detection system. It also addresses the technological opportunity presented by NIBRS in crime reporting technology and its advantages over the UCR. The paper makes some basic recommendation for effective crime reporting system. First, it recommend the need to involve the community and ordinary citizens in the system since they are the one affected by crime and it might be more effective if they know exactly the significance of correctly reporting a crime incident. Secondly, it calls for the crime reporting system to be more alert so as to adapt to the changing society so as to capture immerging new forms of crimes in our society. A crime is an act that violates a political or moral rule. Presently, an act that was considered a crime some years back might no longer be a crime in today's society. It is also true that what a certain community considers to be an antisocial act might mean nothing to another community. Statistical crime rate will directly be affected as culture and political environment changes. This in turn determines the allocation of resources for the enforcement of such laws and also influences public opinion. Public perception of a crime is affected if there are changes in the way the crime data are collected. (Hart, 1961) Law enforcing agencies before used to employ awkward way of crime reporting to know whether crime is increasing or not such as counting the number of people in the people and this made crime data analysis very difficult. Until early 18th century, the data collection on crime incidences was insignificant. (Blythe, 1992) The governments of all nations all over the world have been looking forward to minimizing the occurrence of crime in the society. The incidences of crimes are usually identified by location, gender, nature and race by these crime reporting programs. This has really helped the government in allocating resources by allocating more resources in the areas more prone to crimes to reduce them. The crime incidences reporting have helped the Federal state to plan and redirect resources in fighting crimes since the UCR began its operations according to the data collected by USA government. According to the FBI (2006), there is an overall reduction in crime incidences ranging from violent to simple assaults for the past ten years. Statement of the problem Many crimes that happen every day goes unreported in the UCR crime reporting program. NIBRS in the other hand, as an improvement of UCR, has its own limitations. One, there is no enough resources needed to capture all the crime incidences. This in turn has lead to its failure in giving a proper picture of crime to the law enforcement agencies for it to strategies effective ways of fighting crimes. This has been contributed by failure of some cities to introduce the NIBRS in their systems and lack of harmonization in crime prevention system strategies and partnership between cities. This paper is an effort to address

Nike Research Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nike Research Plan - Essay Example However, the USA population that purchases apparels at Target stores might be too big to be recruited to the research study. Therefore, a sample population that is largely representative of the entire USA population purchasing apparels at Targets will be adopted. Nike suffered a great deal in sales and popularity decline, after the Tiger Woods personal scandal that saw the whole of the golf industry lose in sales and profits. There is no doubt therefore, that a need to improve both the image and financial performance of Nikes golf apparel exist. Thus, the research project has defined the research question as; â€Å"Could Nike’s diminished popularity within the golf community increase by introducing an exclusive line of low-cost apparel to be sold at Targets all over the United States?† The sampling method to be applied in this research study is the cluster sampling technique. Cluster sampling technique is the most appropriate for this research study. This is because; the study seeks to establish the population of customers who purchase apparels at Target stores in the USA, Thus making the group of customers at each Target store an already clustered population. The choice of cluster sampling as the method sampling technique is informed by the fact that the entire population that purchases apparels at Targets is unknown, while its characteristics of are also unclear. Further, the suitability of cluster sampling technique for this study is also informed by the fact that the sample clusters targeted by this study are geographically convenient (Ahmed, 2009). This research study targets to collect data from the population that purchases apparels at Targets, which then means that such clusters are conveniently clustered at the different geographical Target store location s.

Who is a boss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Who is a boss - Essay Example Bosses all around the world tend to possess some managerial and leadership qualities which is the key to their success and also empowerment. When an employee is hired in any organization, he or she usually work day and night to fulfill the agenda set for him by his or her own boss. The most diligent and trustworthy employees are then selected by the senior members of that organization to become the future boss themselves. For instance, a person employed in finance department if works hard and puts the extra mileage, can further become the boss of his or her own department in the future. Every boss does have extraordinary talents associated with him or her and so does my boss has as well as restraints. My boss is a proactive man. He possesses some unique talents which inspire the members of the organization. His basic and foremost trait which is the key success factor of this firm is that he knows exactly how to make people work. A manager is a person who knows how to get work done wi th and through other people. He is excellent at it. He builds in the employee’s the spirit of working as team members and make them work together. He is very good at motivating people and bringing their inner talent out. He finds the good qualities of each employee under him and subsequently assists him or her in integrating those qualities for the betterment of the company. He sometimes acts as a democratic leader who takes into consideration all the input needed from his employees before making a decision. He calls on meetings of all the employees who are facing trouble at work as they aren’t able to work together. He listens to all of them and configures things up. He is very good at fixing problems by just having a glance on it and promotes team work as an essential element of success. He carries a practical approach towards everything. He is very realistic about the marketing trends and does not merely rely on past performance or future forecasts. He takes into ac count the present market condition and forms his decision on the basis of past, present, and future elements. Whenever a new project comes up, he first of all evaluates it himself, and then he choose the employees by himself who he think will be capable of handling the situation considering their past records. He is an extrovert who will not only work on this part of the job at one time, but keeps a keen eye on all the employees as well. He not only guides and motivates his employees, but also monitors them for their overall performance. He observes all the workers at work without even letting them know that. He is sometimes seen to be practicing a paternalistic leadership style where he would listen to feedbacks of all his workers but takes the final decision by himself. He does consider all the pros and cons of every opinion being presented but chooses the one he thinks is right by himself. Choosing the right staff for a particular project has led to redundancies. He always abridg e the number of employees whenever a new project comes up and this has led to frequent redundancies in the organization; and thus dissatisfaction among the members of staff. When a novel project comes up, he selects the team which he believes is perfect for carrying out such a task. If he figures out that some staff members have not been counted on for projects since a long time, he makes them redundant. Obviously, job security is threatened by this behavior and employees live in an environment of fear where they can easily be kicked out any day without any compensation what so ever. This behavior of the boss has led to negative opinion about him within the firm and many workers are not happy with him. Employees at work are under pressure of being thrown out of the job

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Essay Example for Free

The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas Essay In the text â€Å"The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas† the plot plays a major role. The story is about an Eight year-old called Bruno who is the son of a Nazi officer, when his father gets promoted by the Fuhrer which takes Bruno’s family from a nice house in Berlin to an isolated area where Bruno has nothing to do and no-one to play with. He ignores his mother’s repeated instructions and starts exploring by walking along the fence. He then eventually meets Shmuel a boy who coincidentally has the same birthdate as him and lives on the other side of the fence. They then become friends and despite Bruno’s betrayal to Shmuel when Lt Kotler was asking whether Bruno knows Shmuel, Bruno then realises his betrayal is filled with guilt. Before his betrayal happened Bruno has been very loyal by bringing him food and even embarrassed himself by telling a lie to his sister so she won’t find out about Shmuel. Bruno’s family decides to leave Auschwitz and decides to spend the last day there, by helping Shmuel find his papa and gets caught in the death march inside the gas chambers. In the film â€Å"The Kite Runner†, the story is about a rich boy called Amir and his servant and friend, Hassan. Amir doesn’t care much about Hassan’s feelings and he pretty much treats him as a servant. Baba is ashamed of Amir since he cannot stand up for himself because when Assef and his other buddies pick on Amir because he is â€Å"friends† with a Hazara but Hassan stands up for Amir and threatens the bullies with a slingshot. When they win the kite cutting competition, Hassan goes and retrieves the kite but he soon meets with the bullies, Amir soon finds him and witnesses the situation of Hassan not giving up the kite and gets raped by Assef. Baba is proud of Amir winning the kite competition but Amir feels guilty, Amir then plans to get Hassan kicked out of the house by saying he stole his watch he got on his birthday. Baba forgives Hassan when he admits into stealing his watch just to protect Amir but Hassan’s father knows what happened and leaves with Hassan. Then it fast-forwards to June 1979 when the Soviets intervenes and is forced to flee to Pakistan with Amir and lets Rahim Khan take care of the house. Then it fast-forwards to 1988 where they already arrive in America with almost nothing where Baba runs a service station. Amir soon gets married and after a while Baba dies. In the year 2000 Amir gets a phone call and finds out Hassan is his half-brother and there is way to â€Å"be good again† but then he finds out he died and tries to seek redemption by rescuing Sohrab who was taken away from the orphanage.

A Case for Therapeutic Massage for Chronic Neck Pain

A Case for Therapeutic Massage for Chronic Neck Pain Holly Jackson The title of the article I chose is: Five-Week Outcomes From a Dosing Trial of Therapeutic Massage for Chronic Neck Pain. It was published in the Annals of Family Medicine in the March/April issue in 2014. I chose to use this article because it relates to the chief complaint of my Wednesday client and supports massage as a viable treatment option. I recognized a need to learn more about the condition in order to be a more competent massage therapist. In the United States, chronic neck pain is a common complaint and ranks high on the list of disabilities. Individuals who suffer often seek help from qualified massage therapists. Learning the ins and outs of the neck, including muscles, tendons, ligaments and nerves is crucial for giving a quality massage. This knowledge, paired with the proper techniques, becomes an invaluable tool in the massage therapists tool belt for success, which will create lasting benefits for the client. Inconclusive results prior to this study have been a result of too many variables in the techniques and infrequency of treatments. The purpose of this study was to set a specific duration of treatment, with variance on the number of treatments received, to determine if massage therapy could help ease chronic neck pain. Study subjects had to meet a rigorous list of requirements: Adults aged 20 to 64 years with chronic nonspecific neck pain lasting at least 3 months exclud[ing] individuals whose neck pain had a pathologically identifiable cause, was complex, or was too mild, [had] potential contraindications for massage, [received] massage within the last 3 months, [and had not received] massage for neck pain within the last year. (Sherman, et al. 2014, p. 113) There were 228 participants chosen and individuals were randomly assigned to one of six groups. One of the groups was the control group where the participants were put on a wait list. Each of the groups contained 37 to 39 individuals. The study lasted 4 weeks, with final outcomes gathered in the fifth week over the phone by an individual who wasnt aware of group assignments. Besides the control group, which didnt receive massage, there were five groups with variances of massage ranging from 30 minutes 2 or 3 times a week to 60 minutes 1, 2, or 3 times a week. Each of the groups had specific parameters for the treatments, which included range of motion assessment, hands-on check-in, massage applied directly to the neck, [and] addressing compensatory patterns (Sherman, et al. 2014). The results were measured using several point systems including patient satisfaction. The investigators found convincing results from the study groups. According to the study measurements, all of the groups showed improvement except for the control group, which did not receive massage. The measurements for neck pain intensity and neck disability index (or NDI), indicated that even though the 30-minute massage groups showed improvement in the measurements of the study, the most significant results came from the 60-minute massage groups, especially those groups receiving 3 massages per week. Studies that were conducted prior to this were inconclusive in their methods and findings. The significance of these findings cannot be understated. Massage is a viable, verified method of treating chronic neck pain with considerable measures of improvement and relief of symptoms when administered with regularity. The thoroughness of this study supports the use of therapeutic massage as a complementary treatment option. The measurements taken at the onset of the study showed that most people who suffer from chronic neck pain are not satisfied with conventional treatment options. With the finding of this study supporting therapeutic massage, the impact on the massage industry has the potential to grow exponentially. Massage has much more to offer than just feeling great, it has the ability to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. I believe this is a perfect prescription for repeat business with satisfied clients. References Sherman, K., Cook, A., Wellman, R., Hawkes, R., Kahn, J., Deyo, R., Cherkin, D. (2014). Five-Week Outcomes From a Dosing Trial of Therapeutic Massage for Chronic Neck Pain. Annals of Family Medicine, 12(2), 112-120. doi:10.1370/afm.1602