Cognitive Science The Scientific Study Of The Mind

Midterm Exam Question 1-Cognitive Science is defined as the scientific study of the mind. Cognitive Science uses the scientific method as it primary methodology. One of the main features of cognitive science is the multifaceted method, and it uses linguistics, robotics, neuroscience, cognitive, the evolutionary approach, psychology, the emotion approach, the social approach, philosophy, and artificial intelligence (Friedenberg and Silverman, 2012). Cognitive Science uses all these different methods mentioned above, and this is why cognitive science is different. It takes form linguistic, philosophy, and neuroscience, etc. As a result, the traditional cognitive psychological view does not utilize all these fields and areas of study, and this is why cognitive science applies to almost everything we breath, feel, and touch; therefore, cognitive science applies and intertwines all these different fields of study (Friedenberg and Silverman, 2012). Cognitive Science refers not so much to the sum of all disciplines but to their connection or diverging work on specific problems. Cognitive Science is a combined effort among researchers working in numerous fields (Friedenberg and Silverman, 2012). The cement that holds Cognitive Science together is the topic of the mind, and the use of scientific methods. The tri-level hypothesis, mental or artificial information processing events can be assessed on three different levels (Friedenberg and Silverman, 2012). The greatest or moreShow MoreRelatedIs Psychology A Science?1518 Words   |  7 PagesWhether psychology is a science or not has been a long running debate between psychologists and other scientists alike. There have been various attempts at making psychology a scientific discipline in the past such as the movement from behaviourism into cognitivism. Researchers such as Wundt and Watson have worked hard to bring psychology into the world of scientific research and through the years have made a very good start but have they managed to achieve scientific criteria? Berezow (2012) definedRead MoreEvolution of Cognitive Psychology1054 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution of Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology is defined as â€Å"the scientific study of mental processes† (Riegler Riegler 2008, p. 1). During the 1960s, cognitive psychology became an emerging presence in the field of psychology. During this time period, attention to the study of â€Å"how internal states, such as thoughts, feelings, and moods influence behavior† (Cherry 2010, p. 12). Cognitive psychology studies how individuals think, comprehend language, and form beliefs. Human developmentRead MorePsychology : Cognitive Psychology And Psychology980 Words   |  4 Pages A Cognitive Psychology 1064 Words 5 Pages Cognitive psychology began around 19th century. Different approaches have been used to trace the roots of psychology. It is also known that cognitive psychology was out numbered by behaviorism but later revived, bringing into being cognitive revolution. The paper discusses cognitive revolution in the history of cognitive psychology as the most influential part in the practice of modern psychology. Introduction A scientific branch of psychology that isRead MoreCognitive Psychology Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive psychology began around 19th century. Different approaches have been used to trace the roots of psychology. It is also known that cognitive psychology was out numbered by behaviorism but later revived, bringing into being cognitive revolution. The paper discusses cognitive revolution in the history of cognitive psychology as the most influential part in the practice of modern psychology. Introduction A scientific branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of cognitionRead MoreFoundations of Psychology Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to science philosopher Thomas Kuhn, the ongoing development of scientific paradigms is responsible for scientific progress. A scientific paradigm has three basic characteristics: a series of assertions that provide a model of the object of study, a group of common metaphors that assist with comprehension of the object of study, and a methodology that is accepted by the scientific community to provide legitimate and valuable data when carried out correctly. Within the social sciences, Kuhn statedRead MoreCognitive Affective1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Study of Cognitive   amp; Affective Bases of Psychology Cognitive and affective psychology is the empirical branch of psychology, which aims to answer all questions regarding human activities, related to knowledge and emotions, such as, how we think, learn, and remember. It is grounded on the theory that thoughts and emotions affect our behavior; furthermore, behavior can be changed through a modification of our thoughts or emotions. Cognitive psychologists examine how our minds obtainRead MoreEssay on The Black and White of Science and Religion1670 Words   |  7 PagesAnnotated References Astley, J; Francis, L. (2010) British Journal of Religious Education, Promoting positive attitudes towards science and religion among sixth-form pupils: dealing with scientism and creationism. Vol. 32 Issue 3. The Routledge group writes a very compelling argument dealing with the attitudes towards science and religion. The authors have survey results from their research and supply the basic data learned. The paper data talks about the consistency of each institutionRead MoreCognitive Psychology Definition Paper1387 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Psychology Definition Paper Randy Strickland University of Phoenix PSY/360 Dione Johnson July 111, 2011 Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Introduction Cognition is the â€Å"science† term for the process of thought.† Its usage varies in different ways in accordance with different disciplines: For example, in psychology and cognitive science, it refers to an information processing view of an individuals psychological makeup. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitiveRead MoreIs Psychology A Science?998 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion that ‘psychology is a Science’ motivates a substantially critical debate amongst many professions, having very strong opinions. To come to a vigorous conclusion on this subject we must take into recognition both sides of the argument, what is science, and weather Psychology meets the principles of Science. In doing this the following essay will be debating the principles of science, the scientific unifying approach, poppers opinion on whether psychology is a science through his theory of falsificationRead MoreHistory of Cognitive Psychology1666 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract An analysis of the history of cognitive psychology. Including key ideas, contributors, trends, etc. History of Cognitive Psychology According to G. Miller of Princeton University, cognitive psychology  is an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes. So, â€Å"since the beginning of experimental psychology in the nineteenth century, there had been interest in the study of higher mental processes. But something discontinuous happened in the late 1950s, something so

Battle of Belmont in the Civil War

The Battle of Belmont was fought on November 7, 1861, during the American Civil War (1861 to 1865). Armies Commanders Union Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant3,114 men Confederate Brigadier General Gideon Pillowapprox. 5,000 men Background During the opening stages of the Civil War, the critical border state of Kentucky declared its neutrality and announced it would align opposite the first side that violated its borders. This occurred on September 3, 1861, when Confederate forces under Major General Leonidas Polk occupied Columbus, KY. Perched along a series of bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River, the Confederate position at Columbus was quickly fortified and soon mounted a large number of heavy guns which commanded the river. In response, the commander of the District of Southeast Missouri, Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant, dispatched forces under Brigadier General Charles F. Smith to occupy Paducah, KY on the Ohio River. Based at Cairo, IL, at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, Grant was eager to strike south against Columbus. Though he began requesting permission to attack in September, he received no orders from his superior, Major General John C. Frà ©mont. In early November, Grant elected to move against the small Confederate garrison at Belmont, MO, located across the Mississippi from Columbus. Moving South To support the operation, Grant directed Smith to move southwest from Paducah as a diversion and Colonel Richard Oglesby, whose forces were in southeast Missouri, to march to New Madrid. Embarking on the night of November 6, 1861, Grants men sailed south aboard steamers escorted by the gunboats USS Tyler and USS Lexington. Consisting of four Illinois regiments, one Iowa regiment, two companies of cavalry, and six guns, Grants command numbered over 3,000 and was divided into two brigades led by Brigadier General John A. McClernand and Colonel Henry Dougherty. Around 11:00 PM, the Union flotilla halted for the night along the Kentucky shore. Resuming their advance in the morning, Grants men reached Hunters Landing, approximately three miles north of Belmont, around 8:00 AM and began disembarking. Learning of the Union landing, Polk instructed Brigadier General Gideon Pillow to cross the river with four Tennessee regiments to reinforce Colonel James Tappans command at Camp Johnston near Belmont. Sending out cavalry scouts, Tappan deployed the bulk of his men to the northwest blocking the road from Hunters Landing. The Armies Clash Around 9:00 AM, Pillow and the reinforcements began arriving increasing Confederate strength to around 2,700 men. Pushing forward skirmishers, Pillow formed his main defensive line northwest of the camp along with a low rise in a cornfield. Marching south, Grants men cleared the road of obstructions and drove back the enemy skirmishers. Forming for battle in a wood, his troops pressed forward and were forced to cross a small marsh before engaging Pillows men. As the Union troops emerged from the trees, the fighting began in earnest. For around an hour, both sides sought to gain an advantage, with the Confederates holding their position. Around noon, the Union artillery finally reached the field after struggling through the wooded and marshy terrain. Opening fire, it began to turn the battle and Pillows troops began falling back. Pressing their attacks, the Union troops slowly advanced with forces working around the Confederate left. Soon Pillows forces were effectively pressed back to the defenses at Camp Johnston with Union troops pinning them against the river. Mounting a final assault, the Union troops surged into the camp and drove the enemy into sheltered positions along the riverbank. Having taken the camp, discipline among the raw Union soldiers evaporated as they began plundering the camp and celebrating their victory. Describing his men as demoralized from their victory, Grant quickly grew concerned as he saw Pillows men slipping north into the woods and Confederate reinforcements crossing the river. These were two additional regiments which had been sent by Polk to aid in the fighting. The Union Escape Eager to restore order and having accomplished the objective of the raid, he ordered the camp set on fire. This action along with shelling from the Confederate guns at Columbus quickly shook the Union troops from their reverie. Falling into formation, the Union troops began departing Camp Johnston. To the north, the first Confederate reinforcements were landing. These were followed by Brigadier General Benjamin Cheatham who had been dispatched to rally the survivors. Once these men had landed, Polk crossed with two more regiments. Advancing through the woods, Cheathams men ran into straight into Doughertys right flank. While Doughertys men were under heavy fire, McClernands found Confederate troops blocking the Hunters Farm road. Effectively surrounded, many Union soldiers wished to surrender. Not willing to give in, Grant announced that we had cut our way in and could cut our way out just as well. Directing his men accordingly, they soon shattered the Confederate position astride the road and conducted a fighting retreat back to Hunters Landing. While his men boarded the transports under fire, Grant moved alone to check on his rearguard and assess the enemys progress. In doing so, he ran into a large Confederate force and barely escaped. Racing back the landing, he found that the transports were departing. Seeing Grant, one of the steamers extended a plank, allowing the general and his horse to dash aboard. Aftermath Union losses for the Battle of Belmont numbered 120 killed, 383 wounded, and 104 captured/missing. In the fighting, Polks command lost 105 killed, 419 wounded, and 117 captured/missing. Though Grant had achieved his objective of destroying the camp, the Confederates claimed Belmont as a victory. Small relative to the conflicts latter battles, Belmont provided valuable fighting experience for Grant and his men. A formidable position, the Confederate batteries at Columbus were abandoned in early 1862 after Grant outflanked them by capturing Fort Henry on the Tennessee River and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River.

Organ Trafficking A Large Problem - 1446 Words

Illegal organ trafficking has become a large problem all over the world. The traffickers are commonly attacking the poor and promising them money but it never ends up being the correct amount. Commonly doctors and pharmaceutical companies overlook the illegal trade of the organs because they receiving money from the transplants. Organ trafficking takes place in three broad categories. The first one is organ traffickers will force or trick the individual into giving up an organ. Secondly the victim formally or informally agrees to sell the kidney and never receives the money for it or is promised a certain amount and receives a lot less. Lastly people are treated for a illness in which they do not know if their organs are being or not being removed (Trafficking for Organ Trade, 2014). The vulnerable groups of people that are normally attacked are migrant workers, homeless individuals, and illiterate people. Organ trafficking does not discriminate against any age. Organs that are commonly trafficked are livers and kidneys. Any organ will be traded as long as it can removed and used (Trafficking for Organ Trade, 2014). Trafficking is considered organized crime because it involves many individuals when it takes place. â€Å"The recruiter who identifies the vulnerable person, the transporter, the staff of the hospital/ clinic and other medical centres, the medical professionals, the middlemen and contractors, the buyers, the banks where organs are stored are all involved in theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Human Organ Trafficking1283 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Organ Trafficking There are many problems with global crimes. What holds these crimes together isn’t because people around the world are committing the same crimes, it’s because these criminals have created global organizations that have ties in all the corners of the world. These groups work just like normal business do, exporting and importing goods to gain profit. However, unlike normal businesses their goods are illegal such as drugs and often inhumane such as trafficking humans. EvenRead MoreThe Trade Of Human Organs For Profit1388 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Organs for Profit Throughout the world, people are beginning to live longer lives. From about 100 years ago, people’s lives have more than doubled, from an average of 34 years around the world, to an average of approximately 70 years today. Not only that, but the global population has gone from less than two billion to nearly seven billion people. While this may seemingly be a good thing, there are several problems attached to it. Due to poor diets, many people have to seek for organ donationsRead MoreCreating Stricter Policies That Charge The State For Hosting These Procedures Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagespaper I observed the issues with the organ trafficking crisis and decided to brainstorm some aspect of the CPS process I came up with two alternatives. One is to establish a committee dedicated to education, enforcement and providing outreach for the affected would make a difference overtime. The use of IDEO’s creative process allows for an in depth look at the issue and a solution from different views of people. In States that have increase cases of organ trafficking lack education to its citizens. TheseRead MoreOrgan Trafficking Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagestotal, Im worth about $300,000 on the organ market. The organ trade is one of the fastest growing and least enforced trafficking crimes throughout the globe today (Glazer 341). Sarah Glazer claims in Organ Trafficking that 5,000 to 10,000 of the 100,000 transplanted organs are obtained illegally each year (341). Although the laws passed and organizations founded have delayed the escalation of organ trafficking, the selling and distribution of compensated organs should remain illegal and suppressedRead MoreBlack Market Organ Trafficking : The Illegal Act Of Exchanging Human Organs Or Tissues At An Agreed Price Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesBlack market organ trafficking Organ trafficking deals with the illegal act of exchanging human organs or tissues at an agreed price. This practice involves mafia networks that collect organs from dead or living persons. A majority of people involved in this illicit business are poverty stricken and so, they see it as a promise of a brighter future. While the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined strict rules, imposed ethical standards along with the absence of any monetary compensation, theRead MoreThe Growth Of The Global Commercial Sex Industry1151 Words   |  5 PagesFurthermore, one of the most infamous crimes in recent years recaptured our attention is human trafficking, which is known as, buying and selling people. Trafficking humans have existed since the beginning of civilization, but in recent years the scourge of trafficking, has exponentially increased due to globalization, the magnitude of poverty, organized crime, government corruption, and (as it relates to sex trafficking) the growth of th e global commercial sex industry. The government should regulate theRead MoreSlavery in the Past vs. Human Trafficking in the Modern World909 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery What are the differences and similarities between slavery in the past and human trafficking in the modern world? Over the last several years, the issue of human trafficking has been compared with the slave trade. This is because both are focused on taking someone against their will and forcing them to engage in demeaning activities. Yet, the practices of modern traffickers are different from slave traders. To fully understand the similarities and disparities requires contrasting them withRead MoreThe Evil of Human Trafficking996 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Human Trafficking is one of the most heinous crimes that operate over transnational boundaries. The act of human trafficking is highlighted as a criminalized activity according to the article 5 of the Trafficking in Persons Protocol set out by United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime. While Human Trafficking is generally attributed to the Less Developed Countries. This is because the socio economic dynamics along with weaker law and order situation provide a strong environment forRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Organs1564 Words   |  7 PagesTrafficking Human Organs The trafficking of human organs is on the rise and black market operations are happening under everyone’s nose. Currently there are more than 120,000 people who are on the waiting list for a lifesaving organ. Among these people waiting for their transplant approximately twenty-five people will die each day waiting for their number to come up (Perry, 2016). According to the World Health Organization there is only about ten percent of organ transplants being met through theRead MoreIs Organ Sale Not Banned For Many Years?1105 Words   |  5 PagesImagine someone that you hold dearly about to die because of a terrible organ problem and that person needs an organ to be alive, you can’t donate your organs, what will you do? There are a lot of people throughout the world that at this moment are waiting for an organ to be donated to them, however not many people will do it because they are either scared that they one day need it or that they might suffer during the process. Organ sale has been banned for many years because of a lot of reasons that

The Effects Of Television On Children s Perception Of The...

According to George Gerbner, Cultivation theory suggests that exposure to television, over time, subtly cultivates viewers perceptions of reality (Griffin 2015). Watching television can affect an individual’s perception of the world. Gerbner offers two categories in which one person is affected by television or not. Heavy viewers, also referred to as television types, are people who watch four or more hours of television per day. Light viewers are people who watch television two hours or less per day. Gerbner argues that heavy television viewing creates an exaggerated belief in a mean and scary world (Griffin 2015). A mean and scary world according to all the dramatic violence that is portrayed in television. To explain how violence in television affects viewers and their perception of the world, we must play part in experiments. We would have to recognize whether or not viewers are seen as heavy or light viewers which identify if they are affected by dramatic violence of te levision to reality. Lately, I have found myself to being a heavy viewer. This has only began when I owned my own computer along with a Netflix account. I fell into this category by binge watching recently added shows on Netflix. It allowed me to catch up on a lot of shows I failed to finish the time they had came out. Way back when I did not have access to internet and mobile ways to watch shows, I was a light viewer. I had no interest in watching shows because of all the commercials. If I were toShow MoreRelatedChildren Having A Television On Children1200 Words   |  5 PagesOne major concern is children having a television placed in their own bedroom; parents can often find it is easier for their child to have this amenity in their own room as this can keep them entertained whilst the parents find themselves in a busy position. Nonetheless, with this, we do not know what content the child is being exposed to, whether this is violence, sexual or information not suitable for children to be watching, c hildren who stay up after their bedtime are more commonly able to accessRead MoreIs Television Making Your Child Smart Enough? Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesIs television making your child smart enough to read this research paper? Is Sesame Street teaching Little Tommy how to spell â€Å"dog†? When you watch a children s television program you understand most of the content and lessons. Good for you. It’s made for children and you’re an adult. However, are the children able to grasp these lessons and is it affecting their social behaviors? The history of children s programming shows an increase in quality programming and new content for children is constantlyRead MoreDoes Television Affect Social Interaction? Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pagessurprise you. Television has been around since the early 1950’s but behaviorists have just recently begun to start studying the effects these machines may have on children, social interaction and families. Research h as begun to show negative consequences of television on children’s development and socialization proving that it does reduce and affect social interaction. Television, the dancing pixels behind a glass screen that have entranced many a youth since its mainstream release in the 1950’s, has evolvedRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Children915 Words   |  4 Pagesviolence is the gold of television. Violence has become a high demand by the viewers. The more violence equals more views which equals more demand. According to Hamilton (2002), â€Å"Children are not the target of advertisers on most violent programs. But their exposure to violent images can lead to social damages not factored into decisions about when to air programs and where to draw the line on content† (p. 18). The controversial debate that television violence influence children is nothing new. For moreRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1349 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness ethics can be defined as the critical examination of how people and institutions should behave in the world of commerce. There are many subcategories that we may look into when speaking of business ethics, in this essay I will be writing about advertising ethics. Advertising is practically unavoidable in today s world, we see it in the streets, shops, magazines, television, on the internet, hear it on the radio. In this essay I will describe two ethical issues in advertising, show why businessRead MoreBrainwashing Youth : How Advertising Influences Children On Gender Images1496 Words   |  6 Pages Brainwashing Youth: How Advertising Influences Children on Gender Images For advertising companies, the topic of advertising to children is one that is very controversial and could lead to a lot of debate on whether it is even ethical to do so. None the less advertisements continue to be aired and targeted towards a particularly vulnerable group: children. At a young age it is a critical time for children. They are not only developing their mental and physical capabilities, but they are also developingRead MoreTelevision Is An Essential Means Of Socialization1258 Words   |  6 PagesThe evolution of television, since it was first discovered in 1927, has undoubtedly changed the principal ways of entertainment, and receiving information. The television, when first discovered, covered only a couple programs like sports and news, with very poor quality. Current day and age, television covers thousands of programs with 3D and hi-definition television pictures with screens as big as 75 inches. Television is an essential means of socialization. If used appropr iately, it brings familiesRead MoreDoes Reality Television Influence Youth?1480 Words   |  6 PagesJaesuk Eom Dr. Mary Gray English 1303 29 March 2016 Does reality television influence youth? Part I Television plays a very large and influential role in spreading modern pop culture. It seems like there is no doubt that television are taking over and regulating many of our business, social value, and lifestyle. Its entertaining aspect led it to become a significant part of our lives. Since it has deeply rooted into our culture, we might believe that it always has been on our side. However, I personallyRead MoreTelevision Can Accomplish Education Through TV Essay examples1147 Words   |  5 PagesTelevision Can Accomplish Education Through TV Problems with kids and television have existed since the invention of this media instrument. For example, parents are concerned with the number of hours children spend in front of the television, as well as the amount of violence represented in different programs. Most important, parents are speculating as to what educational value TV actually has. People have always wondered about effects television could have on individuals. By the late 1980Read MoreTelevision And Its Effects On Children1673 Words   |  7 PagesTelevision is one of the biggest influences in the lives of most people. People spend hours every day watching television programming, so of course this will affect their behavior. Television is like a window to the modern world. Many people view the programs that are aired on television; they can gain a lot of information and knowledge. Most programming like the National Geographic and Discovery Channels can be used as an educational tools in schools and at home to teach our children to learn instead

Childhood Is the Happiest Time of Ones Life free essay sample

As a result, there are higher dropout rates, and more young people committing crimes such as theft and robbery. Outline I. A Place Called Home has identified a distinct market segment of customers based on age; those who are under 21. The distinction is important because of the high percentage of clients with children, and those in the younger market segment having far younger children. The under 21 age group is growing annually at 9%. This group has165, 454 potential clients. The overwhelming majority of clients come from lower socio-economic population groups. These segments can be difficult to communicate with, yet their use of Transitional Housings services would give them some profound benefits. II. Desiree Smith is the driving force behind the organization and  fills the Executive Director role. Desiree  earned a  B. S. degree in Business from Bryant amp; Stratton College  and a Masters in Sociology from Virginia Commonwealth University. Additionally,  she has several years of social service project management while working as the program manager of City of Richmond Department of Social Services. We will write a custom essay sample on Childhood Is the Happiest Time of Ones Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During and since her tenure as rogram manager, Desiree has developed a comprehensive network of personal and professional  contacts  with key community leaders. This will be instrumental in raising the profile of Transitional Housing within the community as well as having a significant impact on fundraising activities. III. A Place Called Home was founded as a  Richmond, VA based not for profit organization. The nonprofit will serve female clients ages 16-21 in need of transitional housing and life skills training. IV. The goal of the  organization is to provide transitional housing and skill training  so that  clients  become empowered, independent individuals. The services are unique in their female-only clientele, long-duration transitional housing,  and comprehensive empowerment program. A Place Called Home will make a significant impact on the Richmond community, in both short-term relief, and long-term skill development and empowerment. V. Real property will take the form of the old Motel 6 building located in the Willow Lawn area of West Broad Street. This building has been identified as an ideal facility for A Place Called Home. The asking price for the building is $2 million with $100,000 down. The building will need some renovation. A donor has approached us willing  to buy the building, with the intent of leasing it back to A Place Called Home long term, for the organizations use. Conclusion: As a member of the Board of Trustees you will play a vital role in the success of A Place Called Home, ensuring that A Place Called Home has adequate resources. One of the boards foremost responsibilities is to provide adequate resources for the organization to fulfill its mission. The board should work in partnership with the chief executive and development staff to raise funds from the community.

Employee Turnover and its Effects On Production

Question: Discuss about the Employee Turnover and its Effects On Production. Answer: Introduction: For an in-depth understanding of the whole research study, it is prudent that the study defines the term employee turnover. According to this study, it can be defined as the rate at which employees are joining and leaving organizations. According to other researchers such as (Loquercio, 2006)it is the fraction of employees leaving a given organization they used to work for prior to the maturation of the contract period. On the other hand, (Hana Lucie , 2011) and (Harris, 2000) opine that this is the overall effect of the exit of employees and coming in of others into an organization. On another definition yet, it is the rotation of employees within the labour world, between organizations and occupations (Dess Shaw, 2001). Having had a clear understanding of the meaning of the term employee turnover from different perspectives, it is hoped that the rest of the literature concerning the topic will be easily comprehended. In the current business world full of competition and opportunities, employee turnover is a very common phenomenon. Employees normally leave organizations voluntarily or involuntarily but whichever the case, to a greater extent it is usually an indication of so many negative things that are happening in a particular organization which if not addressed timely can impact negatively on the affected organization( Hom, 2001). The organization may be affected adversely since employees are one of the major factors of production in any business organization. In fact in production, it is rated one of the major challenging issues in businesses. Due to this, it has received special attention from organizations top stewards and human capital professionals such as human resources managers. Despite c oncerted efforts through research by various stakeholders, this has remained a hard nut to crack for the human resources professionals in that they have no control over this turnover yet its effects are significant. Organizations in most cases are left with the option of hiring new employees every time(Schultz, 2006). This poses financial constraints since the new employees must be trained first. It also takes time for the new employees to be productive as required. Most researches have overwhelmingly linked employee turnover to low morale among the employees at their places of work. The low morale is as a result of various reasons such as poor remuneration, poor working environment and even availability of better opportunities in other organizations (Stovel Bontis, 2002). In this regard, when an employee joins a given organization, he or she has set expectation. In the event he or she feels that these expectations have not been met, he will be dissatisfied with the job and eventually quit. According to (Johnson, 2000), this leads to a great problem that will have a direct negative impact on quality of goods and services and also incur a huge replacement cost. To add on, it inhibits growth of any business organization since it destroys the quality of customer service which is usually a major pillar that provides competitive advantage for the organization. On the other hand, research has shown that a low employee turnover could be beneficial to an organization. It eliminates potential under performers, eliminates stagnancy and brings in new strength which comes in with new innovations (Costen Salazar, 2011). Gencom being a business organization that deals in the manufacturing of steel and which is situated in an industrial area where many of such manufacturing industries are located has not been left out. The rate of employee turnover has reached epic proportion to the extent that it drew concern among the management. It is for this reason that a team was selected to come up with a research plan that would unravel the causes of employee turnover and its possible effects on production. Despite a number of studies that have been done on employee turnover, we have discovered with a lot of interest that a good number of them pay more attention on the reasons for resignation but fail to address the source of it all or even recommending mitigation strategies to be used in future to curb the problem. In this research study, an in-depth review of already done work on this topic together with a few theories will help give a deeper insight as to the actual reasons that lead to employee turnover hence affecting business operations of various organizations. Management by Objectives Management by objectives was put forward by Peter Drucker in 1954 in his book management by practice. This theory (MBO) argues that employees will only and have always drawn motivation from the goals together with the objectives they participated in setting. In short Peter encourages managers to minimize dictation tendencies and involve employees whenever possible in decision making especially when it comes to matters affecting them directly. He goes further to warn that failure to implement or adopt a MBO system can lead to an organization losing their most competent employees. A study by (Catherine , 2002) who is a business consultant reveals that an employees feeling of satisfaction is created by the leaders. Employees will have sense of satisfaction if their supervisors extend a caring hand and respect to them. On the other hand the employees will feel less valued and ignored if they are dealing with a brusque and overly demanding manager. This will eventually kill their morale and encourage resignation leading to high employee turnover. A retention and turnover report in 2009 (CIPD, 2010) conducted in UK, reveals that employee turnover is not the same and that it varies from one industry to the other. The survey found that the turnover level in the private sector is about 17%. Some of the businesses identified by the same survey within the private sector are hotels, call centers and leisure. In non-governmental organizations, the rate stands at 16.4% while the rate in the public sector stands at 12.6%. The main reason cited by this London survey to be the cause of employee turnover is less satisfaction. According to (Sutherland, 2002) turnover simply implies that a competitor organization has had the advantage of taking the best talent from your organization. He adds that this is catastrophic since it amounts to loss of knowledge. He explains that the factors that lead to turnover can be categorized as either internal or external. Internal factors include companys infrastructure while external factors are salary and other fringe benefits such as promotions, salary increment and various paid leaves. He also cited that if there is no proper communication about work objectives, poor working conditions and under-utilization of skills then this can also lead to employees looking for other alternative organizations. (Armstrong , 2010) and (Woods, 2006) come in to shed some light on two dimensions of turnover. This is very important for this study to understand. The two researchers categorize turnover into two that is; voluntary turnover and secondly involuntary turnover. These two divisions are based on whether the employee left the job on a personal decision or employers decision. They go on to explain the two. They further divide voluntary turnover into those who leave due to under performance and those who leave but are high performers. They also add another category subdivision of unavoidable resignation. This is where the resignation of the employee is beyond employers control. This happens for example when one resigns due to sickness or family relocation. All in all whichever the type of turnover, the affected company or organization usually suffers a lot. Research questions The following are the main research questions for the research study. What are the key factors causing the employees of Gencom Company to resign? Does this resignation have effect on production in Gencom Company? Does this resignation influence the morale of the remaining employees? Are there mitigation strategies being developed by management of Gencom Company to contain the situation? Research methodology Research projects mostly employ both qualitative and quantitative research design. Quantitative research design deals with data which is countable while qualitative research design deal with data which is non- numerical. Qualitative data are mostly based on opinions, perceptions or judgments and so on. Due to the nature of this research study, qualitative research design would be appropriate. This because this study would dwell much on attributes and finding facts thus numerical values may not form a bigger part of the study. Therefore it would mean that a qualitative design would be employed in order to complete this study. The interest of this study is to bring out the views of the employees as well as those of the management or employers of Gencom Company in a bid to unravel where the problem of employee turnover emanates and how it can be handled. The research study would also use a descriptive study design complemented with survey design. Since questionnaires are best suited to collect quantitative characteristics, this study would collect data through the use of direct interviews and focused group discussions (FGD) and less of questionnaires will be used. Data collection Data would be collected from participants through primary methods of focused group discussions, face to face interviews and questionnaires. Top company management who are considered as key informants would be supplied with questionnaires to fill. This due to the fact that the management are perceived to be literate and therefore and read, understand and answer questions in the questionnaire appropriately. Some of the questions that would be contained in the questionnaire, what is your leadership style, what do you think is the top most reason your employees are resigning and have you implemented any strategy to handle the situation? among others. With these kinds of questions, this study will be in a good position to hear management side of the story as far as employee turnover in this organization is concerned. The employees would be subjected to face to face interviews and focused group discussion. Focused group discussion will help the study get much information from employees as it creates a condusive environment that sets every employee free to share what he or she has in mind. In face to face interview, the employees would be asked questions pertaining job satisfaction and major reasons why people resign from the organization among others. In order to collect full and elaborate information, this study would employ both probability and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling refers to where no trick is used to pick a participant. In other words everyone has a n equal chance of being selected. On the other hand, non-probability sampling is where a participant is picked because of a particular attribute that is important for the collection of data. In this case, the top managers would be selected through purposive sampling which is a non-probability sampling since they are of interest in this research; they have the right information that the study requires. The rest of the employees would be chosen through systematic sampling. Data Analysis Since most of the data collected would be qualitative, coding will be done first before analyzing the data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Demographic data will be analyzed through descriptive statistics. In this case measures of central tendencies would be used. Summary of the data will be done using tables and graphs. Inferential statistics such as t-test will be used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the opinion of management and those of employees concerning the reasons as to why there is a high employee turnover in the organization. Research ethics Before data collection, the participants would be briefed on the objective of the research study after which they will be given a consent form to read and sign at the end. Signing the consent form would mean that they accept all the terms and conditions of the survey. 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