The 19th Century Bone Wars

When most people think of the Wild West, they picture Buffalo Bill, Jesse James, and caravans of settlers in covered wagons. But for paleontologists, the American west in the late 19th century conjures up one image above all: the enduring rivalry between two of this countrys greatest fossil hunters, Othniel C. Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope. The Bone Wars, as their feud became known, stretched from the 1870s well into the 1890s, and resulted in hundreds of new dinosaur finds--not to mention reams of bribery, trickery, and outright theft, as well get to later. (Knowing a good subject when it sees one, HBO recently announced plans for a movie version of the Bone Wars starring James Gandolfini and Steve Carell; sadly, Gandolfinis sudden death has put the project in limbo.) In the beginning, Marsh and Cope were cordial, if somewhat wary, colleagues, having met in Germany in 1864 (at the time, western Europe, not the United States, was at the forefront of paleontology research). Part of the trouble stemmed from their different backgrounds: Cope was born into a wealthy Quaker family in Pennsylvania, while Marshs family in upstate New York was comparatively poor (albeit with a very rich uncle, who enters the story later). Its probable that, even then, Marsh considered Cope a bit of a dilettante, not really serious about paleontology, while Cope saw Marsh as too rough and uncouth to be a true scientist. The Fateful Elasmosaurus Most historians trace the start of the Bone Wars to 1868, when Cope reconstructed a strange fossil sent to him from Kansas by a military doctor. Naming the specimen Elasmosaurus, he placed its skull on the end of its short tail, rather than its long neck (to be fair to Cope, to that date no had ever seen an aquatic reptile with such out-of-whack proportions). When he discovered this error, Marsh (as the legend goes) humiliated Cope by pointing it out in public, at which point Cope tried to buy (and destroy) every copy of the scientific journal in which he had published his incorrect reconstruction. This makes for a good story--and the fracas over Elasmosaurus certainly contributed to the enmity between the two men--but the Bone Wars likely started on a more serious note. Cope had discovered the fossil site in New Jersey that yielded the fossil of Hadrosaurus, named by the two mens mentor, the famous paleontologist Joseph Leidy. When he saw how many bones had yet to be recovered from the site, Marsh paid the excavators to send any interesting finds to him, rather than to Cope. Cope soon found out about this gross violation of scientific decorum, and the Bone Wars began in earnest. Into the West What kicked the Bone Wars into high gear was the discovery, in the 1870s, of numerous dinosaur fossils in the American west (some of these finds were made accidentally, during excavation work for the Transcontinental Railroad). In 1877, Marsh received a letter from Colorado schoolteacher Arthur Lakes, describing the saurian bones he had found during a hiking expedition; Lakes sent sample fossils to both Marsh and (because he didn’t know if Marsh was interested) Cope. Characteristically, Marsh paid Lakes $100 to keep his discovery a secret--and when he discovered that Cope had been notified, dispatched an agent west to secure his claim. Around the same time, Cope was tipped off to another fossil site in Colorado, which Marsh tried (unsuccessfully) to horn in on. By this time, it was common knowledge that Marsh and Cope were competing for the best dinosaur fossils--which explains the subsequent intrigues centered on Como Bluff, Wyoming. Using pseudonyms, two workers for the Union Pacific Railroad alerted Marsh to their fossil finds, hinting (but not stating explicitly) that they might strike a deal with Cope if Marsh didnt offer generous terms. True to form, Marsh dispatched another agent, who made the necessary financial arrangements--and soon the Yale-based paleontologist was receiving boxcars of fossils, including the first specimens of Diplodocus, Allosaurus and Stegosaurus. Word about this exclusive arrangement soon spread--not least because the Union Pacific employees leaked the scoop to a local newspaper, exaggerating the prices Marsh had paid for the fossils in order to bait the trap for the wealthier Cope. Soon, Cope sent his own agent westward, and when these negotiations proved unsuccessful (possibly because he wasnt willing to pony up enough money), he instructed his prospector to engage in a bit of fossil-rustling and steal bones from the Como Bluff site, right under Marshs nose. Soon afterward, fed up with Marshs erratic payments, one of the railroad men began working for Cope instead, turning Como Bluff into the epicenter of the Bone Wars. By this time, both Marsh and Cope had relocated westward, and over the next few years engaged in such hijinks as deliberately destroying uncollected fossils and fossil sites (so as to keep them out of each others hands), spying on each others excavations, bribing employees, and even stealing bones outright. According to one account, workers on the rival digs once took time out from their labors to pelt each other with stones! Next Page: The Bone Wars Get Personal Cope and Marsh, Bitter Enemies to the Last By the 1880’s, it was clear that Othniel C. Marsh was winning the Bone Wars. Thanks to the support of his wealthy uncle, George Peabody (who lent his name to the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History), Marsh could hire more employees and open more dig sites, while Edward Drinker Cope slowly but surely fell behind. It didnt help matters that other parties, including a team from Harvard University, now joined the dinosaur gold rush. Cope continued to publish numerous papers, but, like a political candidate taking the low road, Marsh made hay out of every tiny mistake he could find. Cope soon had his opportunity for revenge. In 1884, Congress began an investigation into the U.S. Geological Survey, which Marsh had been appointed the head of a few years before. Cope recruited a number of Marshs employees to testify against their boss (who wasnt the easiest person in the world to work for), but Marsh connived to keep their grievances out of the newspapers. Cope then upped the ante: drawing on a journal he had kept for two decades, in which he meticulously listed Marshs numerous felonies, misdemeanors and scientific errors, he supplied the information to a journalist for the New York Herald, which ran a sensational series about the Bone Wars. Marsh issued a rebuttal in the same newspaper, hurling similar accusations against Cope. In the end, this public airing of dirty laundry (and dirty fossils) didnt benefit either party. Marsh was asked to resign his lucrative position at the Geological Survey, and Cope, after a brief interval of success (he was appointed head of the National Association for the Advancement of Science), was beset by poor health and had to sell off portions of his hard-won fossil collection. By the time Cope died in 1897, both men had squandered their considerable fortunes. Characteristically, though, Cope prolonged the Bone Wars even from his grave. One of his last requests was that scientists dissect his head after his death to determine the size of his brain, which he was certain would be bigger than Marshs. Wisely, perhaps, Marsh declined the challenge, and to this day, Copes unexamined head rests in storage at the University of Pennsylvania. The Bone Wars: Let History Judge As tawdry, undignified, and out-and-out ridiculous as the Bone Wars occasionally were, they had a profound effect on American paleontology. In the same way competition is good for commerce, it can also be good for science: so eager were Othniel C. Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope to one-up each other that they discovered many more dinosaurs than if theyd merely engaged in a friendly rivalry. The final tally was truly impressive: Marsh discovered 80 new dinosaur genera and species, while Cope named a more-than-respectable 56. The fossils discovered by Marsh and Cope also helped to feed the American publics increasing hunger for new dinosaurs. Each major discovery was accompanied by a wave of publicity, as magazines and newspapers illustrated the latest amazing finds--and the reconstructed skeletons slowly but surely made their way to major museums, where they still reside to the present day. You might say that popular interest in dinosaurs really began with the Bone Wars, though its arguable that it would have come about naturally, without all the bad feelings! The Bone Wars had a couple of negative consequences, as well. First, paleontologists in Europe were horrified by the crude behavior of their American counterparts, which left a lingering, bitter distrust that took decades to dissipate. And second, Cope and Marsh described and reassembled their dinosaur finds so quickly that they were occasionally careless. For example, a hundred years of confusion about Apatosaurus and Brontosaurus can be traced directly back to Marsh, who put a skull on the wrong body--the same way Cope did with Elasmosaurus, the incident that started the Bone Wars in the first place!

Corruption Of Power Essay - 1142 Words

The body, mind, and soul of an individual are capable of becoming corrupted by power. Power makes one feel as if that person was a God, which is a sign of the corruption in that individual. According to Lord Actin, Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely, states that power can make an individual vulnerable to corruption. The second portion of Lord Actin?s quote discusses absolute power corrupting absolutely which implies that absolute power can corrupt an individual as well as the individual?s surroundings. This idea of corruption can be located in fictional novels such as Animal Farm by George Orwell. Animal Farm is a story about animals dictated by a former animal comrade. The dictator in the novel, Napoleon,†¦show more content†¦The absolute power Hussein possessed led to the absolute corruption of Iraq for nearly twenty-four years. During Hussein?s rule, 200,000 people were killed or ?disappeared?. Another major dictator was Adolf Hitler who dictate d and killed countless human beings. Hitler?s philosophy of thinking made him kill retarded, crippled, and disabled children along with homosexuals and Jewish people. The power that Hitler received when he became leader corrupted him and made him kill six million Jews, nearly committing genocide on the Jewish population. The corruption increased, with Hitler?s desired to expand Nazi Germany. In addition, the dictatorship and corruption caused by power is also expressed in fictional stories. Power corrupting individuals also applies to literature and fictional novels. One example of power causing corruption is found in a novel called Animal Farm by George Orwell. Animal Farm is a story about animals ruled and dictated by humans. Eventually, the animals overthrow their human dictator, Mr. Jones, and try to form their own government. After a pig named Napoleon was declared leader, he gained power which caused him to become corrupted. 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Undefeated Free Essays

Undefeated Being positive and a true believer in good things will always give you the best outcome in life. Johnny was always out in the court playing what he loved. Second on his team, he was the most recognized basketball player in the entire high school. We will write a custom essay sample on Undefeated or any similar topic only for you Order Now Johnnys passion towards basketball began when he was Just 8 years old. Always dribbling the ball around and playing with his friends, and never lost a game. During the school year, Johnny was determined to be his best in school but also to compete in the state finals. So to do that, he would come to the gym court every morning to practice. He hardly every missed a practice. Every day he would try his best to be healthy so his bones could be strong on the court. Johnny lifelong goal is to be a professional basketball star one day. The final game was Just a day away. This was to determine who was going to compete in the district finals. Johnny was as nervous as can be but he couldn’t stop from going out there. As soon as the game started, Johnnys team was in the lead. They were trying really hard to play their best. When a foul was called, Johnny was up for a free throw. While he threw the ball, a massive pain in his knee prevented him from continuing. He was in major pain and the ambulance was called to take him to the ER. Later that day, Johnnys teammates and family were as worried as can be. When the x-rays came in, it was noticed that Johnnys ACL was ruptured very severely. Followed by the recovery time and the surgery, it really impacted Johnnys mood. Although Johnny was aware that he had to stay positive throughout all of this. Thinking about the surgery â€Å"Finds, and shall find, me unafraid† kept him going. After the successful surgery, Johnny had only 2 months remaining until he could go back out on the court and play again. As tough as the procedure was, Johnny kept his head up and got through it. Johnny knows, because of his positive attitude and dedication to get better, he will be playing again Just like he used to. All the hard work pays off at the end somehow. One thing to know he said â€Å"I am the master of my fate; I am the captain of my soul. † By mt6nesscaaa How to cite Undefeated, Papers

My Communication Skills free essay sample

My Communication Skills I believe communication is something really important in social life. Its something you need to use in regular basis. Many people are shy and think speaking isnt that important. It reflects in your career and many people have achieved to get better at socializing with one another. Speaking in front of a crowd might be sometimes nerve-racking but as a matter of fact is a very big responsibility. You need to watch what you say and how you say it to that particular person or crowd without anyone misunderstanding anything your saying. You just have to find your  best communication with your audience. My  brother was having a lot  of small group communication with his friends about the Super Bowl XLVII. I was just having  an interpersonal conversation with my sister in law. As the day advanced I started realizing  that I  have more interpersonal than intrapersonal communication. We will write a custom essay sample on My Communication Skills or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The variety of communications I have  did surprise me because I used many different types of communications through out the day. It seems like  every person  has different  communications than  the ones that you  may have yourself. I did find out that Im more involved in interpersonal than any other due to the fact that I can talk to my sister in law or my friends about anything. Having someone to talk to you through your difficulties is a big benefit in your social life. I feel as if I didnt have anyone to talk to around me then I wouldnt  be  too involved with interpersonal communication. They’re many people that don’t mind communicating with themselves than with the people around them. I prefer letting my thoughts out and share them with somebody else I trust than letting it build up inside of me. As I analyzed my conversations together I was more involved with interpersonal and small group communication. I think it happened that way because I’m more of a social person. I don’t like keeping things to myself all the time. I wasn’t surprised to know I used more interpersonal that day. I’m sure I do every other day. I like meeting new people and interpersonal or small group communication intend to lead me into that state. Sometimes talking to your peers is a positive thing because there are times that they might have something to share with you in return. To many people it might be every different than my results. Not many people like to socialize as much as I do. My opinion still states that if you are to make more friends and let yourself get out there into this world full of different peoples’ communications. You will just find the one that best fits with your personality or your career. Your communication skills come helpful in your occupations especially college. If you’re not ready to step up to the game then just stay in your stage for awhile and you’ll be out there in no time.

The Chivarlric Code Of Le Morte D Arthur Essays - Holy Grail

The Chivarlric Code Of Le Morte D' Arthur The Chivalric Code of Le Morte dArthur Throughout the tales of King Arthur, stories of brave knights and noble lords captivated the society of the European Middle Ages. These stories gave a criterion for people to base there values and way of life on. During the 1400s knighthood was coming to an end. Sir Thomas Malory wanted to recapture the lose of chivalry with his tale Le Morte dArthur. He wished to inspire people to return to the basic ideals of the chivalric code. Le Morte dArthur presents the importance of possessing the characteristics of honor, loyalty, and courage. The most important aspect of the chivalric code is honor. Without honor a man is believed to be less of a person during the Middle Ages. If you were to loose your honor, then somehow you, or someone else, must go to any lengths to regain that honor. In Le Morte dArthur, a knight is injured mortally and dies. When the squire of the knight presents himself before King Arthur he tells Arthur, he had been attacked by King Pellinore at the well, and then begged that he should be buried, and that one of Arthurs knights should avenge his death.(Malory, p.99) The squire knows that the deceased knights honor must be returned. A young squire named Gryfflette begs Arthur to make him a knight so he can avenge the fallen knights honor. Gryfflettes plea to be a knight goes to show how important it is that a mans honor be intact no matter what the cost may be. In being a chivalric, along with possessing honor, you must also have large of amounts of courage and bravery. Arthur knows Gryfflette is not ready to become a knight, yet he still allows him to become one because he knows how important it is to return honor to his dead comrade. Gryfflette leaves in search of King Pellinore and displays great courage by going and facing a much more seasoned knight such as he. Sir Gryfflette struck the shield a ringing blow, and it fell to the ground.(p. 99) Gryfflette insults King Pellinore by pulling such a brave act as to knock the Kings shield from a tree. Gryfflette is aware of how experienced King Pellinore is, yet he is still very confident in his words. Sir Gryfflette is very sure of himself and repeats why he is there by confidently saying, I come from the court of King Arthur, and still I mean to joust with you.(p.99) Having a great deal of courage in Le Morte dArthur means that you are a strong knight and are worthy of respect and admiration. The more courage that you possess, the more people you have who admire you and who will be loyal to you and your cause. Loyalty is a ever-present aspect of chivalry presented in Le Morte dArthur. Loyalty is dispersed throughout the hierarchal feudal system. Along with loyalty there is a shared sense of respect for one another. When Arthur leaves to avenge the loss of honor that Sir Gryfflette endures at the hand of King Pellinore, Merlin says, whereas your anger will certainly not save you from the superior strength of king Pellinore, whom you are about to challenge.(p. 100) Merlin realizes that Arthur has no chance of winning against King Pellinore, yet he still stays with Arthur because he knows that he must be loyal to Arthur even though Arthur might shame himself and Merlin if he looses the battle. Arthur and Merlin return from Arthurs journey and they were questioned eagerly on all that had happened; and when the story was told, Arthurs knights rejoiced in the boldness of their king.(p. 102) King Arthurs knights are extremely loyal to him by praising him no matter what happens on his journey whether he losses or wins. Loyalty is a very admirable quality and is given much regard in Le Morte dArthur The importance of possessing the chivalric characteristics of honor, loyalty, and courage are presented in Le Morte dArthur. Sir Thomas Malory stresses the importance of chivalric qualities not only as an attempt to regain chilvary in the 1400s, but also to stress of having those types of qualities that stay the same from generation to generation. In todays age being loyal to someone is just as important as it was in the Middle Ages. Honor today can be looked at as being proud of

Free Essays on Dreams And Reality In Heart Of Darkness

Joseph Conrad’s story Heart of Darkness contains several prominent themes. The theme of dreams creates an atmosphere of ambiguity and mystery. In Heart of Darkness, Conrad portrays the characters and plot as mysterious and â€Å"dark.† The theme of dreams in Heart Of Darkness increases the ambiguity of the novel while revealing depth and personal torment in the character Marlow. In the story, Dreams reveal Marlow in his youth. As a child, maps fascinated Marlow. He is especially entranced by the blank unexplored spaces. Marlow dreams â€Å"When I grow up, I will go there† (Conrad, 5), referring to â€Å"a white patch† on a map. Marlow actually completes his only articulated dream and explores these areas. The dream falls short of the reality. Marlow fulfilled his dream of exploring the â€Å"blank spaces,† however the reality of his experiences was extremely different from his childhood fantasies. Marlow gains valuable insight about the world and himself by fulfilling his goal and traveling to Africa. By describing Marlow’s childhood dreams, Conrad portrays Marlow as good, innocent, and pure. However, Marlow is innocent because he has not yet been exposed to the darkness. Marlow seems to relate the entire story as he would relate a dream. The story is complex and Marlow is unsure that he is being understood. â€Å"It seems to me I am trying to tell you a dream- making a vain attempt, because no relation of a dream can convey the dream-sensation, that commingling of absurdity, surprise, and bewilderment in a tremor of struggling revolt, that notion of being captured by the incredible which is the very essence of dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Conrad, 24). Marlow’s experiences seem ambiguous and unclear. His experience is as difficult to communicate as a dream. Marlow compares his journey to a dream, emphasizing the self-discovery and internal nature of his experience. Marlow states his general outlook on dreams; that the pa... Free Essays on Dreams And Reality In Heart Of Darkness Free Essays on Dreams And Reality In Heart Of Darkness Joseph Conrad’s story Heart of Darkness contains several prominent themes. The theme of dreams creates an atmosphere of ambiguity and mystery. In Heart of Darkness, Conrad portrays the characters and plot as mysterious and â€Å"dark.† The theme of dreams in Heart Of Darkness increases the ambiguity of the novel while revealing depth and personal torment in the character Marlow. In the story, Dreams reveal Marlow in his youth. As a child, maps fascinated Marlow. He is especially entranced by the blank unexplored spaces. Marlow dreams â€Å"When I grow up, I will go there† (Conrad, 5), referring to â€Å"a white patch† on a map. Marlow actually completes his only articulated dream and explores these areas. The dream falls short of the reality. Marlow fulfilled his dream of exploring the â€Å"blank spaces,† however the reality of his experiences was extremely different from his childhood fantasies. Marlow gains valuable insight about the world and himself by fulfilling his goal and traveling to Africa. By describing Marlow’s childhood dreams, Conrad portrays Marlow as good, innocent, and pure. However, Marlow is innocent because he has not yet been exposed to the darkness. Marlow seems to relate the entire story as he would relate a dream. The story is complex and Marlow is unsure that he is being understood. â€Å"It seems to me I am trying to tell you a dream- making a vain attempt, because no relation of a dream can convey the dream-sensation, that commingling of absurdity, surprise, and bewilderment in a tremor of struggling revolt, that notion of being captured by the incredible which is the very essence of dreams†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Conrad, 24). Marlow’s experiences seem ambiguous and unclear. His experience is as difficult to communicate as a dream. Marlow compares his journey to a dream, emphasizing the self-discovery and internal nature of his experience. Marlow states his general outlook on dreams; that the pa...

HR planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Business information management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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The Problem of Global Warming

The Problem of Global Warming Global warming Global warming raises many fears in our planet Earth. Global warming happens when the temperature of the earth rises. Global warming is a natural phenomenon. The increasing of the temperature happens gradually in resulting to the atmosphere store the amounts of heat which emitting from the sun and the increasing of the concentration of gases such as carbon dioxide. Gases such as carbon- dioxide and other gases take the heat from the sun after that these gases radiates again. Greenhouse gases effects badly on the layer of ozone and this gases rise harmful rays from the sun, which enter easily on our Earth and damage the earth. This operation done in the atmosphere and damages also many people, plants, and animals. There are many problem and fears arising from the Global Warming. It effects badly on human health and on the sea level. There are many ways and solution for reducing the damages of Global Warming like growing trees and using the alternative energy instead of using the fossi l energy and cool. Global Warming is very dangerous problem in our earth. It is the increasing of the temperature on the earth. The emission of greenhouse like carbon dioxide result to increase the temperature of the earth. These greenhouse gases damage the layer of ozone. Global warming is the principle of changing the weather patterns. Global warming damages many areas and caused many problem such as flood, drought and earthquake. We face many problem in our time. Global warming one of this problems. Many damages and problem happen behind this phenomena. Global Warming effects badly on our heath. Our ground faced various changes. Most of these changes that damage the earth and our life is the Global warming. In the last years, there are many changes happened by persons not by the nature. Persons do many things helped to Global Warming enter in our earth. People nowadays cut tree. Cutting trees lead to the presence of Global Warming and other things. There are many effects of Global warming in our world. Our living could be in danger if Global warming remaining. One of the most danger effects of Global warming on our world, it changes the degree of the temperature. The increasing in the temperature of the atmosphere, leads to the increasing in temperature in the summer and severe decreasing temperature in winter. The second effect of Global warming is the rising in sea level. When the sea level caused by the Global warming, Many problem happen and there are many serious problems. These problems are vey difficult to solve. There are many sources said that the world will face crises in water in some areas of the world if Global warming continues. The third effects of Global warming is effecting on the human heath and put them in risk and problems. One of the most diseases arising from the Global Warming is the tropical diseases because when the temperature rises more and more, people infected badly by the tropical diseases. To reduce the bad problems of Global warming, we can do our best to control the damages of gasses into the environment. We can follow many steps for reducing the problems sever of Global Warming. One of these controlling to face the phenomenon of the Global Warming to save our planet from damaging, the country should put strong laws to face the dangers of the greenhouse gasses and pollution. The second solution to control the Global warming is planting our trees. These trees absorb gases that causes by the Global warming. Trees help to reduce the damages of Global Warming. The third way to prevent the damages of Global Warming is to use the alternative energy like wind, the sun and water for reducing the use of fossil energy and coal. There are many causing behind the happening of the phenomenon of Global Warming. One of causing is the increasing of gasses such as carbon dioxide, water vapor. These gases make to prevent the temperature from exiting from the atmosphere. This is mean that these gases remain within the atmosphere. The second causes of happening the phenomenon of Global Warming is the cutting of trees because trees help to reduce this phenomenon. Using many gases in purpose of refrigeration and cooling helping to damaging the ozone layer. Building many houses in agricultural areas because of the building homes in these places helped to increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Natural phenomenon also helped to happening the Global warming such as volcanoes, forest fires and Earthquakes. Finally, Global Warming is a big problem; we should do our best to prevent this phenomenon. Global Warming damages people, plants and animals. There are many means must be done to reduce Global Warming. Using alternative energy and growing plants help to prevent this ephemeron.   We know that persons play big role in spreading this phenomena by cutting trees and building houses in green lands. People play role in happening global warming by generating electricity. They produce a huge amount of energy by electricity by producing Co2 and atmosphere store heats which coming from the sun, which lead to happening the Global Warming. Global warming caused to make the summer very hot and the winter very cool. Many people, animals and plants died because of the happening of Global warming. Global Warming is a serious problem, we should prevent it to safe our life. References Global Warming Essay. (2017, Feb 13). Global Warming Essay. Retrieved from global-warming-essay: http://www.global-warming-essay.com/ Problem and Solution: Global Warming. (2017, Feb 13). Problem and Solution: Global Warming. Retrieved from admc.hct.ac.ae: http://www.admc.hct.ac.ae/hd1/english/probsoln/prob_solv_gw2.htm Various Contributors. (2016, Nov 8). What is Global Warming. Retrieved from importantindia.com: http://www.importantindia.com/24273/what-is-global-warming/

The Schoolchildren’s Blizzard Analysis Essay -- children’s blizzard, sn

â€Å"At 12:42 p.m. the air was perfectly calm for about one minute; the next minute the sky was completely overcast by heavy black clouds which, for a few minutes previous, had hung along the western and northwestern horizon, and the wind veered to the west and blew with such violence as to render the position of the observer on the roof unsafe. The air was immediately filled with snow as fine as sifted flour† (Potter). No one expected the blizzard that would soon come rolling over to create some of the unfortunate deaths. Now, the questions are what exactly happened during the storm, how are snowstorms created, and what damages it caused. On January 12, 1888, the Children’s Blizzard hits part of the Northwest Plains. This blizzard is also known as the Schoolchildren’s Blizzard or Schoolhouse Blizzard (Potter). The name is associated with schoolchildren’s because it was mostly children trying to go back home, that froze to death along their way. It was such a beautiful day, just like one of those days someone would have in April, that no one would have suspected such a bitter snowstorm to come. The blizzard came when a cold, arctic wind from Canada met with the winds that came from the south. Everyone, including the kids, were dressed up with short sleeves. Just like how somebody would wear on a hot, spring day. The air from Canada carried heavy snow and harsh winds along with it, causing the hurricane (Blizzard Brings Tragedy to Northwest Plains). The Children’s Blizzard hit both of South and North Dakota (back then in 1888, it was one territory), Nebraska, Minnesota, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, causing lots of heartbroken and unexpected deaths (McLeod). â€Å"Temperature dropped from above freezing in many areas to well below z... ...izzard Brings Tragedy to Northwest Plains." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 12 Jan. 2007. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. NWS Internet Services Team. "Glossary - NOAA's National Weather Service."Glossary - NOAA's National Weather Service. National Weather Service, 25 June 2009. Web. 02 Mar. 2014. "What Is a Blizzard?" Weather Questions. Weather Questions, 30 Nov. 2010. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. "Snow Storms: What's a Blizzard." Forces of Nature: TQ 2000. Web. 3 Mar. 2014. . Laukaitis, Algis J. "The Blizzard of 1888 -- the Force of a White Hurricane -- Hit 125 Years Ago." JournalStar.com. JournalStar, 11 Jan. 2013. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. "Snowstorms Throughout History." Kent Heating AAAHeatingAC. AAA Heating AC. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. "Blizzards." Blizzard. Oracle' ThinkQuest. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. The Schoolchildren’s Blizzard Analysis Essay -- children’s blizzard, sn â€Å"At 12:42 p.m. the air was perfectly calm for about one minute; the next minute the sky was completely overcast by heavy black clouds which, for a few minutes previous, had hung along the western and northwestern horizon, and the wind veered to the west and blew with such violence as to render the position of the observer on the roof unsafe. The air was immediately filled with snow as fine as sifted flour† (Potter). No one expected the blizzard that would soon come rolling over to create some of the unfortunate deaths. Now, the questions are what exactly happened during the storm, how are snowstorms created, and what damages it caused. On January 12, 1888, the Children’s Blizzard hits part of the Northwest Plains. This blizzard is also known as the Schoolchildren’s Blizzard or Schoolhouse Blizzard (Potter). The name is associated with schoolchildren’s because it was mostly children trying to go back home, that froze to death along their way. It was such a beautiful day, just like one of those days someone would have in April, that no one would have suspected such a bitter snowstorm to come. The blizzard came when a cold, arctic wind from Canada met with the winds that came from the south. Everyone, including the kids, were dressed up with short sleeves. Just like how somebody would wear on a hot, spring day. The air from Canada carried heavy snow and harsh winds along with it, causing the hurricane (Blizzard Brings Tragedy to Northwest Plains). The Children’s Blizzard hit both of South and North Dakota (back then in 1888, it was one territory), Nebraska, Minnesota, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, causing lots of heartbroken and unexpected deaths (McLeod). â€Å"Temperature dropped from above freezing in many areas to well below z... ...izzard Brings Tragedy to Northwest Plains." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 12 Jan. 2007. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. NWS Internet Services Team. "Glossary - NOAA's National Weather Service."Glossary - NOAA's National Weather Service. National Weather Service, 25 June 2009. Web. 02 Mar. 2014. "What Is a Blizzard?" Weather Questions. Weather Questions, 30 Nov. 2010. Web. 03 Mar. 2014. "Snow Storms: What's a Blizzard." Forces of Nature: TQ 2000. Web. 3 Mar. 2014. . Laukaitis, Algis J. "The Blizzard of 1888 -- the Force of a White Hurricane -- Hit 125 Years Ago." JournalStar.com. JournalStar, 11 Jan. 2013. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. "Snowstorms Throughout History." Kent Heating AAAHeatingAC. AAA Heating AC. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. "Blizzards." Blizzard. Oracle' ThinkQuest. Web. 04 Mar. 2014.

Bias in Historical Description Essay

The article reviewed was Behan McCullagh’s Bias in Historical Description, Interpretation, and Explanation in which he gave a brief but thorough outlook on the manner to which historical accounts are peppered with biased analysis and his opinion on how historians would be able to diminish, if not fully obliterate, from the nature of recounting past events. Why History is Biased McCullagh started of his piece by constructing four reasons as to why he thought that historical writings are mainly biased. His first reason was that he believed historians misinterpreted evidences without properly asserting the truth about its justification. His second reason was that information may already have been omitted by historians in compiling such past accounts that cater to make their views balanced. The third reason was that he deems general description of any historical information may include certain facts that are possibly false due to the uncertainty of most available sources. Lastly, his fourth reason was in reference to causal explanations, concisely described in the article as events that substantially modify the likelihood of the event, which are usually focused on a few important causes that renders a misleading point of view in the reader’s comprehension of the process of events (McCullagh, 2000). McCullagh voiced out that historians who often make mistakes in incorporating biases in their interpretations are typically motivated rather than accidental. He also noted difference between personal and cultural biases, delineating that the latter is far more difficult to be rectified than the other as it is ingrained, yet maintaining that historians must still try to do away with personal bias. He then goes on to further illustrate the concept of bias in historical accounts (McCullagh, 2000). The concept of Bias in Historical Accounts: McCullagh elucidated on the point that historians choose subjects which are of interests to them, inevitably providing a more partial basis to their interpretation of historical information. Consequently, historians are said to be products of their environment or culture, which will naturally hold general notions about the past. Thus, written accounts by historians are subjected to the availability of information gathered and on the decisions made through constant debates on what gets included and what should be disregarded. Such process is said to most likely offer misleading descriptions of historical accounts that have a particular cause (McCullagh, 2000). However, McCullagh has held that preconceived notions about a historical subject that are not biased could be observed in occurrences that involves transformation within a country’s economy as well as social structures. Biases are only attached when selective causes are highlighted while others of equal importance are disregarded (McCullagh, 2000). The perception of biases in constructing history should be avoided as according to McCullagh it provides a deceptive account of the historical subject which may cause misunderstandings and unnecessary negative consequences in conflict-driven situations. McCullagh presented three reasons as to why there are some who think that there is no way to evade the prospect of bias in historical accounts. First was that the interests of historians are automatically considered in determining the historical importance of a subject, the information extracted and the word preferences to use. The second was that preconceptions of historians and their contemporaries have biased point of views and the third one is the reiterated thought that historians have ingrained cultural beliefs and principles (McCullagh, 2000). Overcoming Personal Bias: McCullagh presented his opinion on how historians could be able to avoid injecting biases in interpreting historical data. He stated that historians should be committed to standards of rational thinking that would bring about a justified description of the past. One way to impose this is through peer reviews so as to motivate historians to follow certain acceptable guidelines in rational inquiry. The role of the historian is an important factor in maintaining social responsibility and creating a fair account of historical events (McCullagh, 2000). He denotes that multiplicity in perspectives is another way to produce rational historical inquiry as it presents different views of witnesses which melds relevant information into one account (McCullagh, 2000). McCullagh also pondered upon the notion that for people to prevail over biases, historians must accept that historiography is limited within itself and that the end of the discipline should also be considered in interpreting the past in a postmodern view (McCullagh, 2000). Reference: McCullagh, C. B. 2000. â€Å"Bias in Historical Description, Interpretation, and Explanation. † History & Theory 39(1): 39 – 66.

The Loman Sons in Death of a Salesman

The Loman Sons in Death of a Salesman There is no such thing as a perfect life; everyone has conflicts that they must contend with. The ways in which people deal with these personal conflicts can differ as much as the people themselves. Some insist on ignoring the problem or live in denial for as long as possible, while others face up to the problem to get it out of the way. Arthur Miller' play "Death of a Salesman," centers around the Loman family's inability to perceive between reality and illusion. This is evident in the two Loman sons, Biff and Happy. Although Biff and Happy are at first unable to distinguish between reality and illusion, they end up going in different directions, with Happy still living in his world of lies whereas Biff is being set free by the truth. This will be shown through an analysis of the attitudes the Loman sons have about success in the workplace, achieving their father's standards, and the truth within one's self.Biff HendersonArthur Miller contrasts the views that Biff and Happy have wit h regards to their success, their father's expectations, and the truth. Over shadowed by his older brother, Willy's youngest son, Happy, is continually ignored by his parents. In the play, it is prevalent to see Happy striving for Willy's attention. In Willy's flashbacks, young Happy is always telling his father, "I'm losing weight, you notice, Pop?" (Death of a Salesman, 30). Even as an adult Happy announces to his mother, Linda, that he is going to get married. However, she brushes him off the same way they did when he was younger. As a shadow to his older brother, Happy is nothing but a stunted version of Willy's dream-that a "well-liked" and "personally attractive" man in business will acquire the material comforts of a modern American life.

Sex Drugs and Viloence on American Television Essay Example

Sex Drugs and Viloence on American Television Essay Example Sex Drugs and Viloence on American Television Essay Sex Drugs and Viloence on American Television Essay Jessica Kent kent1 English 1113 Sex, Drugs, And Violence On American Television Not very many parents would think that the television set would be their worst enemy located in there very own living room. More than seventy-five percent of our American television shows contain sexual and violent content, as well as drug and alcohol use. MTV, TLC, and TBS are some of the most popular channels that contain sex, drugs, and violence. Adolecents and children of many ages watch and learn from these television programs. Pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, addictions to drugs and alcohol, domestic abuse, and violent crimes have gained popularity on our television shows and in reality. The Western Journal of Medicine states that on the average, teenage viewers see upwards of 143 incidents of sexual behavior on prime time television a week. This includes movies, television series, music videos, and advertisements, all without any warnings concerning teenage pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases. The program Sixteen And Pregnant on MTV, glorifies teenage girls participating in sex and becoming pregnant with or without a father. In some cases, these girls have no family involvment or support whatsoever. Other shows, such as 90210 and Gossip Girls, target high school age children and younger generations with extreme sexual content. The average viewer age for these television shows is from eleven to seventeen. At this age, adolescents are developing sexual behaviors and attitudes, their actions and thoughts are easily influenced and the consequences of their actions are not thought out. They make decisions based on feelings, and this can lead to an unplanned pregnancy, a sexually transmitted disease, or both. ent2 There are not many shows that do not have some form of drug or alcohol use in the story line. â€Å"Weeds† on MTV is about a mother who sells marijuana to support her family. All the crime scene movies have some form of drug or alcohol use. Most often, the drug dealer has all the power and money, even though he is breaking the law. There are television shows like â€Å"Intervention† and â€Å"Celebrity Rehab† that show the end result of â€Å"trying† drugs or alcohol, but these shows are not the ones that target the younger generation. Continual exposure to the glamorization of drugs and alcohol by ur young people make them more curious about the effects. This youthful curiosity can lead to an early addiction which may follow them all of their lives. Drugs and alcohol are the â€Å"stepping stones† to sexual explicity and violence as well. Violence can be seen at any time on any channel including the Cartoon Network. Our children are being exposed to more violence on television than any other activity. Children are exposed to around 20 acts of violence on television per hour. Many cartoons present violence to young people. â€Å"Family Guy† is very violent. Children who watch alot of violent television tend to have behavior and attitudes. Without parental guidance, they may take the message from violent cartoons that aggression works and violence wins. Continued exposure may result in higher crime rates including more assaults and domestic violence. Sex, drugs, and violence on American television is never going to stop. With the constant repetition and exposure our children are being programmed to be more sexually active, quicker to try drugs and alcohol, and more violent. Due to this fact, there should be more supervision and parental controls should be installed and used properly to insure the safety of our children and family in our homes.

Morals, Utilitarianism, Social Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Morals, Utilitarianism, Social - Essay Example His nine year old adopted daughter is not bleeding but she has is slowly passing out and is complaining that she is feeling dizzy, cannot breath properly and her vision is hazy. The ambulance arrives and can only competently attend to one patient, take her to the nearest hospital, which is 20 kilometers away, and come for the other victim. If they take his seven year old daughter, it is relative his nine year old daughter will make it that long. His seven-year-old daughter is his real daughter and there is that risk that she might pass out if they take his nine-year-old daughter first. He is torn between which is a lesser wrong; letting his adopted daughter who is at the verge of becoming vegetative be left behind, or his seven year old daughter who is bleeding profusely. Utilitarian theories are based on utility, which is aimed at generating excellent results. These theories intend to maximize the good in every situation by selecting the best possible alternative, while curtailing t he negative alternatives to an event. Utilitarian theory associate a good act with happiness and a bad act with sadness, and use this to determine if an action to be performed is morally right or morally wrong. If the net effect will lead to happiness, then it is morally right but if it will lead to sadness, then it is morally wrong (Hull 1-10). ... Utilitarian theory calls for you to always put the interest of others first before your own personal interest. The ultimate positive goal like honesty, chastity, charity outweighs all the risks and shortcomings of procuring the activity. This means there is a standard in which each activity is performed to elicit the same results over a period of time (Hull 1-10). Kant’s deontology theory asserts that every divine being has the duty to do what is right at all times. Unlike other theories, this theory does not prescribe a formula that needs to be followed but rather provides tests that have to be performed when evaluating the conduct as pertains to a morally significant situation. This theory asserts that good will is intrinsically good hence every individual should be compelled to do good at all times. Whether doing well causes sadness to some people and happiness to others, this call for a duty to do good at all times. Consequently, Kant’s theory states that through ha bitual performance of what is right, it translates to good will and one does not feel compelled to do it. The good will comes automatically (Hull 1-10). Kant’s deontology theory asserts that the consequences of an action do not determine its being right or wrong. This determination is made by the motive and the intentions that are compelling the individual to do the act. Kant’s theory confers that for an action to be morally sound; it has to be on principle not on impulse. The latter does not justify it to be a morally right action since it is majorly done because of sympathy, which might not be standard for every individual. However, the former is standard for every individual and hence qualifies an act done out of principle (ethics) to be morally right (Hull 1-10). Applying the component

Accounting Principle homework questions Coursework

Accounting Principle homework questions - Coursework Example Companies usually issue two different types of stock, common and preferred. The major difference between common and preferred stock is that common stock results in ownership for the buyer whilst a preferred stock does not. The common stock is traded within the stock market within a country, preferred stock, on the other hand are not traded within such markets. The basic essence and nature of a preferred stock is that it is usually considered a loan, which has to be repaid after a certain period of time. A preferred stock holder gets preference over a common stock holder with respect to the payment of dividends. A common stock holder receives dividend only after all the company’s dues are cleared off. Issuance of bond is similar in nature to receiving a loan. The par/face value of the bond is credited within the Bonds Payable account. If the market interest rate on the bond would be higher coupon rate, it would result in a premium on the bond. 4. Discuss the controversy surrounding the Fair-Value vs. Amortized Cost presentation of the value of stocks, bonds and all other investment securities on the Financial Statement. US GAAP uses Fair Value, US Statutory uses Amortized Cost and IFRS uses a mix of both depending on the security. What are the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, and what do you feel is the best way to value this type of asset? The controversy surrounding Fair Value Accounting and Accrual accounting has been prevalent for quite some time now. The major debate is that when to record the profit or loss on any particular security. According to the Fair Value accounting, gains or losses should be recorded whenever is seems that any security has lost its value i.e. if that security is sold at the current moment. Amortized cost accounting on the other hand favors the recording of gains and losses on the actual happening of the event i.e. when the security is disposed. The major advantage of Fair Value

How is language influenced and shaped by culture Essay

How is language influenced and shaped by culture - Essay Example Language is important to any culture, and every culture has a language to communicate with. The deaf and the blind to have their own language to communicate with. People have been known to articulate language from the people around us, and those words come from the culture. People get to know much from what they learn through talk since the culture influence the language (Dlaska, 2000). Children who are taken to the boarding school at a young age mostly do not know their cultures. It is because they interact with different children from cultures who come together with a common language for instance they use English in their communications. This is threatening the extinction of other cultures (Dlaska, 2000). Same language at times does not have the same culture, for instance, two countries can use a common language but have different cultures. Many people tend to confuse the sign language especially if they are from different countries for instance in India if someone nods he/she disagree while in other countries it means an

Silver Blaze Essay Example for Free

Silver Blaze Essay What are the roles of Holmes and Watson within Silver Blaze and what is there relationship with each other? In this assignment I am going to look at the relationship between to characters that are both very hard to judge this is due to their roles and use in the storys created by Conan Doyle. Holmes and Watson are two characters, created by Conan Doyle. They live a very interesting and adventurous life. They have a great interest in crimes, which have been committed and enjoy solving them and understanding the criminals intentions. Watson is a retired medical who worked for the army and has a lot of knowledge. After reading Silver Blaze I have noted that Holmes always seems to be the master mind in solving the crimes, and that Watson is telling the story as though he is dictating it in his diary. It seems to give the reader the impression that Holmes gives the orders to Watson, but not in a harsh way, he gives the reader the impression as though he is the leader. Also when they arrive at the town of Tavistock they are greeted with great care, there is a carriage waiting to escort them to their hotel. The relationship between Holmes and Watson in Silver Blaze is clear. The first thing we can learn straight away is that both Holmes and Watson are both livening together and both also are always travelling together, this shows us that there relationship is strong, and we also can note that they never argue therefore there friendship is very strong. Also we know that not only do both Holmes and Watson live together but also work together. This makes it hard but yet also very easy to evaluate their relationship. This is because I could evaluate the relationship between Holmes and Watson if I was to read all the Conan Doyle books, which he wrote. I could judge the relationship easier, but the problem which I do face is that Holmes and Watson spend so much time together, there relationship is very strong and is lot more than I can talk about it through Silver Blaze. This is because from what I have read I see there relationship as two working partners, when I say partners I mean business partners. Also to show that the relationship of Watson and Holmes is very strong, in line 505 it shows Watson defending Holmes whos intentions are to drop this case; I was about to make some reply in defence of my friend, when he entered the room again. Watson gives the picture as though he is Holmes sidekick. This is the image given by the writer to the reader, but if you continue reading the story and understand the characters you can learn that both men would not be as successful as they are, if they werent together. This is because the two men both have great knowledge and expertise in different sectors and fields and always needs the others opinion. A good example of this is when they discover the knife that was used in the incident in Silver Blaze; Holmes turns to Watson for his medical expertise. This shows us that both men require each others knowledge. For example, Line 122, Watson ask, One moment! asked Watson. Did the stable boy, when he ran out with the dog, leave the door unlocked behind him? This allows us to see that Holmes requires Watsons help. We can tell this because of Holmes response is; Excellent, Watson! murmured my companion. The importance of the point struck me so forcibly that I sent a special wire to Dartmoor yesterday to clear the matter. This response tells us that Holmes requires Watsons knowledge. It also in a way steals Watsons clever work, ideas and his theory about the crime. This also tells us that Watson is not just a friend who helps Holmes by being with him, but Watson is an important part to Holmes cases, because of his knowledge. The writer Doyle gives us the impression that Watson is telling the story that makes the reader think that Watson does not play a major part in the case. A good example of this is: Excellent, Watson! murmured my companion. Murmured my companion, those three words tell us that Watson is telling the story. Also it also states Holmes and Watsons relationship, which is that the two are very close companions. Also I have noticed at the end of the short story Watson evaluates the story and the case after Holmes has explained the mystery and the puzzle of the case. Also a lot of the crime solving and puzzles are explained by Homes, the reason why I think this is because Watson is seen to be Holmes pupil. The reason why I think this is because all the explanation is done by Holmes and all the introduction to the cases are done by Homes. As example of this is shown on the first page to the story, Holmes explains to Watson about him leaving, and then Watson offers to come along, and once this is said by Watson, Holmes is very glad and happy that Watson has offered to come along. So overall I feel that his relationship between Holmes and Watson is very strong and powerful, this is because they have friendship, partnership and a lot of trust in each other. There partnership is also very successful because they both see each other as very useful, and are always happy to listen to each others views without arguing or disagreeing.

Knowles Separate Peace Essays: Self-Knowledge and Inner-Peace

A Separate Peace: Self-Knowledge and Inner-Peace The theme suggested in the closing paragraph of the novel A Separate Peace is that people create their own enemy and then they defend themselves laboriously and obsessively against their imaginary enemy. They develop a particular frame of mind to allay the fear that arises while facing their nonexistent enemy. In the novel, the protagonist, Gene, tries to fight a war with his best friend, Finny, not realizing that the enemy he sees is not Finny but is his own insecurity. At the beginning Gene believes that Finny is actually his enemy who is trying to sabotage him. Gene thinks that Finny envies his academic ability just as he envies Finny's extraordinary athletic ability. To feel better about himself, Gene lowers Finny to his level so that they are "even, even in enmity.† Gene's attitude toward Finny is a manifestation of his jealousy and lack of self-confidence. Finny, on the other hand is extremely confident. He never had the evil thoughts about destroying Gene's grades - he is too innocent of a person to have such thought. Furthermore, Finny, being a carefree person, does not even care about his own grades, and certainly not Gene's grades. Gene does not realize the truth, or perhaps he simply does not want to admit the truth. He has created an enemy to protect himself from acknowledging that he is not completely satisfied with his character, or lack of thereof. Gene finally realizes that Finny is not tryin... ...defenses that people have constructed are as useless as the "Maginot Lines"; they only prevent people from analyzing their emotions and characters. People should view the enemy and the war in a more objective perspective, and try to understand themselves. Only by doing so can they eventually find their identity.

Differences and Similarities: Apollo and Dionysus Essay -- Greek Mytho

Differences and Similarities: Apollo and Dionysus In Greek Mythology a rivalry always occurs between certain Gods and Goddesses. In the case of Apollo and Dionysus there is no exception. They are half brothers, both sons of Zues and they compete just as most brothers do. Though the two Greek Gods, Apollo and Dionysus, were actually very similar in some ways, they severely contrasted in others. Dionysus, son of Zues and Semele and Apollo, son of Zues and Leto, both were born under strange conditions. Dionysus was born from the thigh of Zues after being fully grown, and Apollo's mother, Leto, was in labor for nine days with him because Hera did not want him to be born and would not give Leto a safe place for the child to be delivered. Both these Gods have the need for power and a very creative drive. They spent their youth recruiting new worshipers for their respective cults in which they started, each cult showing their divinity. They are both associated with the phenomenon of ecstasy, meaning to stand outside oneself. In one such case, Apollo's priestess Pythia was overcome by his spirit and began speaking in tongues. Also when possessed by Dionysus, his followers similarly changed there normal actions, breaking into wild dances and "experienced a rapturous sense of union with their God." This shows how they made contact with humans, but in very different ways. The Differences between Apollo and Dionysus are not difficult to see. Though both Gods are associated wi...

Bang and Olufsen: Design Driven Innovation Essay

The key concern identified in this particular case is that Bang & Olufsen are lacking a strong sense of management. Designers seem to be the forefront of business innovation and innovation management needs to be altered. The article identifies that the designers are making major decisions in terms of product development, and although this may seem effective, management should have an influence on the entire company in order to make informed decisions in relation to the business’ innovation strategy. Bang & Olufsen follow a more semi-radical innovation approach, this is clear in the fact that the business has not changed the existing business model for some time, and more focus is towards technological advances. This is ineffective as for design driven innovation it is important to adopt an entirely radical innovation strategy. While B&O consider the design driven strategy as the best take for the future, the problem it causes is that they are unintentionally opening up the fut ure of the business into the designers hands. Thus, Bang & Olufsen requires a radical change of the business model in order to effectively conform to a radical innovation strategy. The company needs to realise that change is necessary and aim to be more involved in the decision making process. B&O need to use the designers as a guide for product development, and be more concerned with executing its innovation strategies and using the company image as a representative to users of their products. An effective way of ensuring this is possible is through thorough examination of the internal and external environment, and a structured innovation plan. Post work: This article, along with the discussion in the lecture has provided me with insight into issues involved in the case and marketing in general. There were several issues including conflicted vision within the company which led to missed deadlines and inability to effectively cooperate between the designers, engineers and management of B&O. This educated me on business’s requiring a solid vision in order to reach innovative goals and overall business objectives. Not only that, but management needs to be more involved in the innovation process so as to ensure input from people who envision ideas in the virtual world to be considered. Another fact relevant in the article as discussed in the lecture is concerning market research.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"B&O lacked a sufficient amount of market research†, which although good in some way, allowing the company to be more innovative and create new, impressive products, it often led to wasted time developing concepts that had no â€Å"substanc e†. Thus we can see that market research is an extremely important aspect of marketing management in order to be efficient, and to effectively identify consumer wants and needs to develop concepts worth producing. A final important point about marketing I have learnt is that, the designs of both â€Å"Idea Lab† and â€Å"Idea Land† is key as one develops a product and whilst one focuses more at the technological side. A significant point here is that ideas of both â€Å"Idea Lab† and â€Å"Idea Land† would be much simpler to develop if the two were working together. Therefore, companies should attempt to combine both product ideas and technological developments in order to successfully achieve innovative objectives.

dancing at lughnasa essays

dancing at lughnasa essays How, as a director, would you present the role of Michael in Friel's 'Dancing At Lughnasa'? What theatrical impact would you hope to achieve for the audience? AS with every character, a director must analyse and interpret Michael as they see him and then try to get this across to the audience without making him stand up stage and give them a profile of his and his aunts lives. As a director, I think that Michael's monologue at the Beginning of Act 1 is a key speech in terms of interpreting Michael's character. From reading the text I would say, Michael (who is looking back at his memories) is still a young man, perhaps in his twenties. I think this because his memories are so vivid. When you are still youngish you can still remember and relate to feelings you had as a child, you still understand why you thought or felt what you did. And so, in my opinion Michael (as an adult) should be staged as mid twenties. I also think that it would be easier for the audience to imagine a youngish Michael as a little boy rather than a man of about 45 as a little boy. Michael's speech, for me, does not reflect an unhappy childhood, yet it doesn't show that he was completely happy either. " I had a sense of unease, some awareness of a widening breach between what seemed to be and what was, of things changing too quickly before my eyes, of becoming what they ought not to be." I see Michael perfectly content with his surroundings. Nothing within the play makes me conclude that being brought up by five women and no father has affected him in any way. It seems that he would react to things as any normal boy of seven would. This part of Michael's character really needs to be conveyed to the audience so that they have no reason to look at him in a different way to how they would look at any other little boy. As a director I'd want the audience to like Michael, there would be no reason for them to feel sorry for him and they shouldn't absolutely ...

Free Essays on Human Resource Management (HRM)

This summary paper provides a full description and analysis of the Human Resource Management (HRM) function. Included in this paper are key topics discussed in this module: the basic functions of Human Resource Management: planning and forecasting human resource requirements, recruitment and selection, appraisal, evaluation and employee motivation. Additionally, this paper addresses employee quality of life and productivity programs and improving the physical work environment. The relationships between successful business and Human Resource Management are examined as well as how Human Resource Management strategies can be incorporated into business strategies to improve profit. The history of the development of human resource management can be traced back to the early 1900s. Human resource managers ¡Ã‚ ¦ original function was to basically manage the relationship between businesses and labor unions. Galbraith and Nathanson were among the first organization theorist to discuss explicitly the concept of human resources strategies in the context of strategic management. They developed a model for the human resource management function that divided the human resource management function into four basic subfunctions. Subsequent review of the human resource management function divided the function into seven parts. Although human resource management was originally seen as a necessary evil to deal with labor unions currently Human resource managers are viewed as an essential part of any successful organization. Human Resource Management focuses on securing, maintaining, and utilizing an effective work force, without which organizations cannot survive. Human Resource Management involves a variety of activities, which include recruitment, and screening of prospective employees, the study of training needs, preparing human resource forecasts, the development of compensation systems, and an understanding of the laws that effect the perform... Free Essays on Human Resource Management (HRM) Free Essays on Human Resource Management (HRM) This summary paper provides a full description and analysis of the Human Resource Management (HRM) function. Included in this paper are key topics discussed in this module: the basic functions of Human Resource Management: planning and forecasting human resource requirements, recruitment and selection, appraisal, evaluation and employee motivation. Additionally, this paper addresses employee quality of life and productivity programs and improving the physical work environment. The relationships between successful business and Human Resource Management are examined as well as how Human Resource Management strategies can be incorporated into business strategies to improve profit. The history of the development of human resource management can be traced back to the early 1900s. Human resource managers ¡Ã‚ ¦ original function was to basically manage the relationship between businesses and labor unions. Galbraith and Nathanson were among the first organization theorist to discuss explicitly the concept of human resources strategies in the context of strategic management. They developed a model for the human resource management function that divided the human resource management function into four basic subfunctions. Subsequent review of the human resource management function divided the function into seven parts. Although human resource management was originally seen as a necessary evil to deal with labor unions currently Human resource managers are viewed as an essential part of any successful organization. Human Resource Management focuses on securing, maintaining, and utilizing an effective work force, without which organizations cannot survive. Human Resource Management involves a variety of activities, which include recruitment, and screening of prospective employees, the study of training needs, preparing human resource forecasts, the development of compensation systems, and an understanding of the laws that effect the perform...

Arthritis Example

Arthritis Example Arthritis – Coursework Example Arthritis Nursing Assignment February 15, Rheumatoid Arthritis versus Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune reaction that mainly occurs in the synovial tissue leading to phagocytosis and production enzymes inside the joint. RA mainly affects the synovium of joints but can extend to affect multiple organs (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, & Cheever, 2010). RA may be acute in nature occurring at any age including children and is more common in women than in men.Osteoarthritis (OA), on the contrary, is a joint limited chronic arthropathy that presents with destruction of joint cartilage. OA is a degenerative disease that has a gradual onset causing joint pain, stiffness and rarely joint swelling. OA characteristically affects the older people and is more common compared to RA.Nursing CareNursing care (NC) in both conditions demands pain management using drugs. The NC also involves maintaining or improving joint mobility, implementing exercise programs to increase joint motion and muscle strength. However, in RA the NC aims at suppressing the inflammation and masking the autoimmune disorder that causes self-tissue attacks. To achieve the desired outcome, anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying agents are compulsory in RA.Factors that Increase Severity of ArthritisSeverity of RA depends on the genetic makeup of a person and run in most families with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene. Advancing age of patients, excessive weight gain, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption not only increase the risk of OA but also the severity of the disease.Role of Lifestyle Habits in the Development of ArthritisPoor dietary habits lead to excess weight gain that causes OA especially in obese patients. Obese individuals live sedentary kind of lifestyle and rarely exercise, which leads to high stress on the joints and decrease in joint mobility. Arthritis incidence is also high in individuals who also smoke and take alcohol (Porter & Kaplan, 2011).ReferencesPorter, R. S. & Kaplan, J. L. (2011). The Merck manual of diagnosis and therapy (19th ed.). White Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.Smeltzer, S. C., Bare, B., Hinkle, J. L., & Cheever, K. H. (2010). Brunner and Suddarth textbook of medical surgical nursing (12th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

The Rise And Fall Of The American Economy Coursework

The Rise And Fall Of The American Economy - Coursework Example In the US economy, there is a high level of unemployment and the interest rates in the economy are almost down to zero. The inflation is about 2% per year and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is increasing at less than 3% per year. It is necessary to raise the GDP growth to about 3% per year while keeping the rates of unemployment and inflation low in the economy. Economic depression in an economy can be controlled by the formulation of effective monetary and fiscal policies. While the Fiscal Policy is administered by the American Government, the Federal Reserve (the Central Bank of America) possesses the power to implement the monetary policies in the economy. These policies are based on a number of laws and theories; Okun’s Law and the Phillips Curve are two such important theories. The Okun’s law states that when actual output grows faster than potential output, unemployment rate in an economy, decreases and vice versa. The rate of output (GDP) growth corresponding to the stable rate of unemployment is then considered as the growth rate of the economy. Thus, it is the empirical relation between the output gap and the unemployment rate. (House of Representatives, USA, p.44) Phillips Curve shows the negative relationship between the unemployment rate and inflation rate in the economy. This implies that in order to reduce unemployment, some amount of inflation has to be tolerated or inflation can be reduced at the cost of rising inflation. (Tucker, 2011, p.453) Wages was not taken as a component of the Phillips curve as in the presence of unemployment, the bargaining power of labor is almost non-existent and thus, wages cannot be considered a key variable. However, Phillips Curve is a short-run phenomenon and there is no trade-off between inflation rate and unemployment rate in the long-run. (Mankiw, 2009, p.789) These two theories are indispensable to study monetary and fiscal policies because they show the relation between output, inflation and unemployment in an economy. A General Framework: The GDP of a country is the sum total of the values of all the goods and services produced within the geographical boundaries of a country in a particular year. Keynesian economics states that GDP can be expressed as the sum of the Consumption expenditure, the investment expenditure, the government expenditure plus exports minus imports. The equation can be expressed as: GDP = C + I + G + (X – M)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (1) where C: Consumption expenditure of the households I: Investment expenditure G: Government expenditure X: value of exports M: value of imports Equation (1) represents the real side of the economy where the concerned variables are all real variables. Fiscal Policy: The Government can alter the level of output, consumption, emplo yment and aggregate demand in an economy, using the two main instruments of fiscal policy – taxation and government spending. Keynesian economists believe that fiscal policy has a more straightforward and immediate impact compared to monetary policy (Genovese, 2010, p.160), as it affects the real sector of the economy, rather than the monetary sector. Expansionary Fiscal Policy: Equation (1) can also be expressed in terms of personal disposable income of the household sector as: Thus, GDP = C (y – t.y) + I + G + (X – M) where y: income of the households t: income tax rate in the economy (y – t.y): disposable income of the households Therefore, GDP = C {y (1-t)} + I + G + (X – M)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (2) When there is a high rate of unemployment in the economy, the Government can reduce the tax level in the economy i.e. the Government reduces â€Å"t† in the economy. When â€Å"t† is reduced, the consumers are required to pay less amount of t heir income as tax which increases their disposable income. The household’s consumption expenditure which is a function of their disposable income, naturally record a rise. In the equation (2), as a result of the decrease in

Human and Animal Interrelationships from Domestication to Present Term Paper - 7

Human and Animal Interrelationships from Domestication to Present - Term Paper Example At the point when one of his customers was ridiculed in court for favoring a country way of life, Cicero shielded nation life as the educator of economy, of industry, and of equity. Therefore, this article will focus on the early agriculture in Rome. Unlike modern times, Agriculture in Rome was not considered that important rather a privilege associated with the wealthy. The social elites of ancient Rome had undertaken the practice of agriculture as a respected occupation. The writings of Cicero clearly indicate that back in the time agriculture was quite a profitable and a joyful occupation which was means to acquire a better life (Smith 95). For this reason, the rural lifestyle was also readily acquired by the wealthy and others in the society also strived to adopt similar lifestyle. Two of the most popular crops which were more of a necessity for every table in Rome were wheat and spelt. Romans also relied on various provinces they had acquired after wars for agriculture yet most of their focus was on Italy which was quite suitable for a wide variety of crops (Johnston 55-56). During this era, Romans were also fond of purchasing food from the neighboring countries. Land ownership was the means to constitute a part of the aristocracy in Rome; the more land a person acquired to higher his esteem in society and politics was. Even the brave soldiers were allocated land as rewards for their services. Land was also the sole factor behind slave labor since men were enslaved to work of these fields. Thus, the paper aims at exploring how the Romans farmed to understand their values more as agriculture was the dominant factor behind every aspect of Roman life. Despite the fact that roman life was fixated on urban areas, a great many people existed in the nation becoming products, working the area, tending vines and herds. Agriculturists underpinned the citys fuel and sustenance

UK Policy Makers Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

UK Policy Makers - Case Study Example It is surprising why they do not ask themselves the crucial question" who are we working for and whose interest are we serving The answer would surely not be the councilor but the organization. The planning department was formed with the clear objective of providing a medium and a platform whereby the government officials could work in harmony with the developers and come forward with solutions on how to develop property in future, how to grant licenses and facilitating the developers with other such legal matters. However, the current stance of the officials of the planning development is full of negativity and they seek reasons to reject any and all applications irrespective of their compliance or non-compliance with the policies. The councilor himself seems to have no stringent code of conduct whereby he has indulged five times in lobbying and trying to influence the planning officer into declining my application for development. If this might be vague in convincing one of his intentions, he even appointed a temporary planning officer, to cover for Mr. F in his short absence from work, who more than stood up to the expectations of his boss and indulged in racism, negligence and lying , all witnessed by two witnesses with written statements. In the following statements, please take note of the... 1. Abuse of Power/Invasion of Privacy: The leave of Mr. F, my case officer and also the person who had recommended my application for approval, was en-cashed and made use of to suit their own ends and Mr. S. was ordered by Mr. W to take over Mr. F's responsibilities in his absence. Eager to please his boss, Mr. S wrote an appeal to refuse the application and to visit the site without prior notice. The question to be asked at this point in time is: Is a temporary planning officer, working as a temporary replacement only, entitled to such authority that he can contradict another officer's recommendation and write an appeal for the rejection of a case The second question that comes to mind is, why was I, being a proprietor and having complete ownership rights of it, not informed prior to conducting such a site visit The second offence is linked to this unannounced "Site Visit". 2. Breaking of statutory laws: Mr. S, or for that matter any planning officer in his place, is bound by law to issue a notification to the owner 24-48 hours before the site visit. 3. Entering Private Property under false pretences: Mr. S. lied to my tenants about the purpose of their visit and entered the site by mis-informing them : -They had my permission to visit the site -They were working in my interest 4. Racial Profiling: Mr. S on his site visit, disclosed personal information to my tenants in order to get friendly with them to take out information from them about me. Racial discrimination or profiling at any level is not encouraged much less from personnel bearing the Government assigned designations. The question to be asked at this level is, In effect

Smoking statistics in Great Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Smoking statistics in Great Britain - Essay Example Smoking is incontestably one of the dangerous habits that impose great danger to both smokers and non-smokers. The issue of smoking is a very important matter that needs keen observation due to its worldwide effect. Apart from health problems, smoking also affects the economy of the countries since there are several great hardworking citizens who regularly lost their lives due to smoking. Most governments in the world set big budgets to fight smoking habits instead of using the funds in other sectors that can improve the general lifestyles of their citizens. It is therefore paramount to address smoking and other smoking related issues, as we tend to head to a smoking free world with an intention of saving our lives and economies. This piece of writing features the burning issue of smoking in UK. According to Cancer research in UK, tobacco was initially introduced in UK in the 16th century where it was being smoked in pipes, which later turned to snuff taking and cigar smoking. There has been a record increase in smokers among men since its introduction especially in 1945. Smoking in UK involves both men and women but the number of men smokers are more compared to woman. Smoking is not a common habit among women as compared to men. According to Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) which gave statistical report regarding smoking such as prevalence, habits , attitudes, NHS costs and deaths from smoking related diseases current smokers smoked average of 12.7 cigarettes per day where 20% of the smokers were adults who were aged 16 and over. The report also found that 25% of pupils aged 11 to 15 had tried smoking where as 5% were regular smokers. The number of adult smokers in UK reduced from 39% in 1980 to 20% in 2010 where those aged 20-34 reported the highest prevalence rate of about 27% and adults aged 60 and above reported the lowest prevalence of 13% in 2010. The majority of smokers begin smoking at teenage and the addiction intensifies when they become adults and at this stage, it becomes very difficult to quit the habit. People smoke for different reasons such as the need for adolescent to look mature, peer influence and finally to try out. The fact that most old people such as parents and relat ives smoke, lures the children also to smoke so that they can also look mature. Children may at times be involved in smoking if they see their friends and their peers smoke perhaps to be accepted. People have the tendency of experimenting prohibited things so that they can actually find out the reason for it being outlawed. Parents and the government normally prohibit smoking among children hence making the children sneak away and smoke. It is however interesting to note that grown-ups smoke for some reasons different from the children such as relieving them from stress and pressures due to economic or personal problems. Adults feel that smoking make them feel relaxed or boost their energy as they undergo difficulties such as family burdens or relationship challenges. Adolescent stage is the right age of ascertaining whether a child will be a heavy smoker or not by paying much attention on their behaviors. Smoking vs Demography Marital status according to the HSCIC, plays a signific ant role in smoking where most smokers are reported to be either divorced, separated or unmarried. However, single people are not likely to be chain smokers as it is in the case of the separated and the divorced individuals who take most of their time smoking due to frustrations. The married people are said to be less likely to smoke compared to the unmarried and widowed individuals. Smoking Vs Socioeconomic It is fascinating that the degree of smoking also depends on socioeconomic class where the people in the manual and routine groups were found to comprise of heavy smokers compared to people in the management and specialized groups. Most people in the higher socioeconomic cla

Business data analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business data analysis - Essay Example They try to elaborate the rate at which the stock values are found to be varying over time. Seasonal variations Seasonal variations have very important implications for the policies which define the functioning of a company. Rise and fall in stock prices often classify the boom and recessive periods of a company respectively. When stock prices rise, the companies generally are found to increase their employee wages and hire more employees as the production rises. They are generally predicted through figuring out the differences between the predicted trend line and the actual observations, for each individual period. Averaging over the differences throughout an entire year leads to the calculation of seasonal variations for each month in any year (Hargreaves, 1994, p. 154). Stock prices for Deutsche Bank are estimated to be reaching a peak during the fourth month of every year while it faces a recession during the tenth month of every year. Hence, the company might be regarded to be u ndergoing a period of boom during the second quarter of every year and a depression during the fourth quarter. However, when these seasonal variation statistics are compared with the actual monthly differences in the trend calculations and actual observations, the readings were found to be much different. The following graph depicts the comparative readings of differences between actual and trend observations. ... On the other hand, recession is actually experienced during the beginning of second quarter as against the seasonal variations calculated. However, it is not repeated for each and every year, as is found for the year 2002. In the year 2002, the actual seasonal variations are found to be coinciding with the calculated ones even though the readings do not match each other. The only factor which seems to correspond with each other is the direction of trend. If actual stock price values are being counted for, as the diagram alongside depicts, it would show that the correspondence between actual trend and estimated one is rarely found for the span of 10 years. In fact, the diagram suggests the absence of any hard-core seasonal fluctuation as such. The actual detrended line indicates the period between 2002 and 2004 as well as that between 2009 and 2010 to be under recession while that between 2006 and 2008 to be a period of boom. On the other hand, seasonal variation statistics show that regular cycle of booms and recessions are found to characterise every year. However, a point to be taken a note of in this regard is that even when the company, i.e., Deutsche Bank undergoes a whole period of boom or recession as such, there exists small fluctuations during the same. Hence, predictions about seasonal variations are likely to match during some years. Even when a company is experiencing a period of boom or recession, there could be ups and downs in business which symbolise seasonal variations, which actually is a short run phenomenon. However, there might also be another reason behind the lack of compatibility between the estimated trends and the actual adjusted closing price of the stocks of Deutsche Bank. As the diagram produced